<p>Cabramatta Creek, an urban watercourse of the Georges River catchment, is located in the south-western region of Sydney, in New South Wales, Australia.</p><br>
<h2>Course and features</h2><br>
<p>Cabramatta Creek rises in the rural/residential suburb of Denham Court, east southeast of Leppington, within the Liverpool local government area. From here the creek flows in a northerly direction under Camden Valley Way towards Hoxton Park, and its junction with Hinchinbrook Creek. Substantial residential development has occurred in these areas, particularly to the west of Cowpasture Road. A number of detention basins have also been constructed in conjunction with the development.</p><br>
<p>The Ingham&#39;s poultry farm also occupies a significant landholding in the area. Below Hoxton Park Road, Cabramatta Creek starts to flow in an easterly direction the Fairfield local government area, towards its confluence with the Georges River, to the east of Warwick Farm. A more prominent creek "corridor", up to 200 m wide, becomes more evident throughout the lower catchment. This primarily consists of public open space, playing fields and golf courses. The Elouera Nature Reserve, which is an important pocket of native bushland, also forms part of this corridor.</p><br>
<p>Cabramatta Creek flows through established residential suburbs, including Miller, Cartwright, Sadlier, Ashcroft, Liverpool, Mount Pritchard and Warwick Farm. Major transport routes that cross the catchment includes Hoxton Park Road, Elizabeth Drive, Orange Grove Road (the Cumberland Highway), the Hume Highway and the Main Southern railway line. The catchment area of the creek is approximately 74 km&sup2, and within the catchment area are the Cabramatta Creek, Hinchinbrook Creek, Maxwells Creek, and Brickmakers Creek.</p><br>
<p>The area around the creek was home to the Darug Aboriginal people. European settlement began on the site in the 1790s when they found good quality soil.</p><br>
<p>In the area surrounding Cabramatta Creek is a large Flying fox population; located behind the Sunnybrook Motel and called the Cabrammatta Creek Flying Fox Reserve.</p><br>
<p>A concrete beam road bridge that carries the Hume Highway over Cabramatta Creek, constructed in 1951 and commonly known as Ireland&#39;s Bridge, is listed on the NSW State Heritage Register.</p><br>
<p>The Fulton Mansion State Historic Site is located in Fulton on the Texas Gulf Coast, in the county of Aransas, in the USA state of Texas. It is one of the earliest Second Empire style buildings constructed in Texas and is one of the most important of the style in the Southwest United States still in existence. Colonel George Ware Fulton and Harriet Gillette Smith began building the 4 story structure overlooking Aransas Bay in 1874 and finished in 1877. The residence, dubbed "Oakhurst" by its owners George & Harriet, featured the most up-to-date conveniences for the time, such as indoor plumbing reaching sinks in every bedroom, gas lighting and central heating, along with three bathrooms and two built-in copper tubs.</p><br>
<p>Joe and Lillian Davidson owned the mansion from 1907-1943. In 1952 the May family bought the house, planted the palms still in front of the house, and turned the grounds into an RV park. Felix and Gladys Boldin bought the property in the early 1960s and continued to run the RV park, selling it in 1969 to the Copelands, who also ran the RV park until Mr. Copeland died in 1974. Mrs. Copeland sold the dilapidated house to the state in 1976.</p><br>
<p>The mansion was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. When the State of Texas purchased the mansion and 2.3 acre it was restored and opened to the public in 1983. On January 1, 2008, Fulton Mansion was transferred from the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department to the Texas Historical Commission and is now operated as the Fulton Mansion State Historic Site. From early 2013 through the fall of 2015 the house underwent a second, intensive restoration.</p><br>
<p>Stillwater Lake is a reservoir that covers approximately 315 acre. The lake is located in Pocono Summit, Pennsylvania at an elevation of 1,811 ft. Fed by Dotter&#39;s Run, Hawkeye Run, Pocono Summit Creek, and several underground springs, the lake flows out to Lake Naomi via Tunkhannock Creek. There are several Tunkhannock Creeks in the Poconos. This one merges with the Tobyhanna at Pocono Lake. The Tobyhanna flows into the Lehigh, and ultimately into Delaware Bay.</p><br>
<p>The lake is currently home to Stillwater Estates, and to Camp Minsi, a facility owned by the Boy Scouts of America&#39;s Minsi Trails Council.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The area where the lake is located was once a swamp. The Native Americans of the area called it "Klampeechen Chuppecat" which, in Lenape, translates to deep, dark swamp.</p><br>
<p>In the 1870s, like most of the land in the Pocono Plateau, the land was clear-cut and harvested for lumber. The swamp was destroyed and cut away to make room for a man-made lake designed to transport the cut timber downstream to sawmills. A dam was built to control the water flow and the level of the lake, while three very small streams and underground springs fed the newly made lake, which was originally called Tunhannock Lake. Tunkhannock Creek was the major outlet for the lake and logs were sent down Tunkhannock Creek to Lake Naomi and then onto a sawmill on Lake Pocono.</p><br>
<p>With the dwindling forests and growing markets, the businesses who had harvested all of the lumber began looking for new avenues of revenue—they turned to the ice industry. From the late 1880s until the 1930s, the ice industry of the Poconos was king. Numerous ice companies sprung up in the area as ice was harvested from the shallow freshwater lakes. Soon, the Pocono Mountain Ice Company, run by Samuel Rubel, became the leading ice company in the area, buying up many of the smaller ice companies. Large ice houses were built around Lake Stillwater to store the large blocks of ice. Remnants of some of those facilities can still be seen on the south and eastern side of the lake today.</p><br>
<p>Pennsylvania was the nations third largest producer of ice, following Maine and New York. Pennsylvania consumed about 1 million tons annually, cut on the states lakes and rivers. Aside from Stillwater Lake, Pocono Mountain Ice Company harvested ice on Saylor&#39;s Lake, Trout Lake, Lake Naomi, Pocono Lake, Mountain Spring Lake, and the Lakes at Tobyhanna. It was reported that the Pocono Mountain Ice Company was harvesting ice for 6 cents per ton. Ice workers out on the lake were paid 30 cents an hour, while those working in the icehouse, where 300-pound ice cakes were being pushed around, were paid 35 cents an hour. The Pocono Mountain Ice Company employed over 500 men during the height of the harvest. Beginning in the 1930s with the advent of refrigeration, the harvesting of the ice from the lakes became less and less profitable. Eventually, the ice companies folded, while still controlling large tracts of land.</p><br>
<p>In 1949, Samuel Rubel and the Pocono Mountain Ice Company donated a majority of the land around Stillwater Lake to the Boy Scouts of America&#39;s Bethlehem Area Council (now Minsi Trails Council). The remaining land was sold to developers and was marketed in the 1960s as Stillwater Lake Estates, a development of approximately 1,000 lots (typically about two-thirds of an acre each), with amenities presently including a beach, community center, playground, nature preserve, tennis courts and marina.</p><br>
<p>In 2002, Pennsylvania&#39;s Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) reclassified the dam on Stillwater Lake as a B2 High Hazard Dam. Funding was approved in the 2006 Pennsylvania State R-CAP Budget to repair the dam, however the legislators were reluctant to release the already approved funds for the project. In May, 2008 Minsi Trails Council (owners of the dam) entered into a consent order and agreement with the DEP specifying a timetable to make the required dam repairs. The council finalized engineering plans and completed the dam permit application in November 2009. The Scouts petitioned the legislators to release the $3,000,000.00 of approved funding in order to repair the dam and essentially save their camp, as well as the watershed and neighboring communities. In late 2009, $1.31 million was released to upgrade the dam. Constructionbegan in August 2010 with completion in spring 2011. The dam renovation included a new spillway, gate, and a 400-foot rollercompacted concrete dam. The project cost nearly $2-million. The new dam was dedicated in July 2011.</p><br>
<p>Castle Hill refers to either a 165 acre drumlin surrounded by sea and salt marsh or to the mansion that sits on the hill. Both are part of the 2,100 acre Crane Estate located on Argilla Road in Ipswich, Massachusetts. The former summer home of Mr. and Mrs. Richard T. Crane, Jr., the estate includes a historic mansion, 21 outbuildings, and designed landscapes overlooking Ipswich Bay, on the seacoast off Route 1, north of Boston. Its name derives from a promontory in Ipswich, Suffolk, England, whence many early Massachusetts Bay Colony settlers immigrated, and predates the Crane mansion.</p><br>
<p>The estate is a relatively intact work from the Country Place Era of the turn of the 20th century, when wealthy families built extensive country estates. The Crane Estate includes architectural and landscape designs from at least seven firms or individuals of national reputation, including the Olmsted Brothers and Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge, and is extensively documented. In recognition of its state of preservation and design, it was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1998. The property is now owned by The Trustees of Reservations and is open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Its history dates back as far as December 29, 1634, when a group of Ipswich town selectmen unanimously voted "That the Neck of Land wheareuppon the great Hill standeth, which is known by the name of the Castle Hill, lyeinge on the other side of this River towards the Sea, shall remayne unto the common use of the Towne forever."</p><br>
<p>In June 1637, John Winthrop, Jr., the town&#39;s founder and son of Governor John Winthrop, threatened to leave Ipswich, and Castle Hill was deeded to him as an enticement to stay. In 1644, he deeded Castle Hill to Samuel Symonds, Deputy Governor, who in turn deeded it to his son-in-law, Daniel Epps, in 1660. By 1745, it belonged to the Brown family.</p><br>
<p>After John Burnham Brown died, the property was purchased by Richard Teller Crane, Jr., on January 10, 1910. Crane was the president of the Crane Co. of Chicago, which he inherited from his father, Richard Teller Crane, who founded the company in 1855.</p><br>
<p>It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1998.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>Crane hired the famous Olmsted Brothers, sons of Frederick Law Olmsted (creator of New Yorks Central Park, Brooklyns Prospect Park, Boston&#39;s Emerald Necklace and others), to design the landscaping. By 1912, they had fashioned a series of ornate terraced gardens, with a magnificent grass mall, 160 ft wide and lined with evergreens cascading from the top of the hill straight down to the water nearly half a mile away. Classical-style statuary flank this "Grande Allée" at regular intervals. An opulent "casino" was built at its midpoint, replete with saltwater swimming pool, bathhouse, guest cabanas and a sizable indoor ballroom. Two main gardens, the "Italian Garden" and the "Rose Garden," once contained ornate plantings, landscaped walkways and Italianesque fountains.</p><br>
<p>Atop Castle Hill, Crane built an Italian Renaissance-style villa, with stucco walls and red tiled roof. Designed by Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge of Boston, the edifice was set upon the highest promontory overlooking the Atlantic Ocean. His wife Florence, however, felt that the mansion was cold and drafty, and she made her displeasure known. Crane countered by promising that if she would give it ten years, he would replace it if she still insisted.</p><br>
<p>"Upon the summit Mr. Crane has erected his splendid summer home, with a beautiful sunken garden, rose garden, lawns and terraces, commanding a marvelous view of land and sea, of Agamenticus and Boar&#39;s Head and the low-lying Isles of Shoals on the distant horizon, Bar Island and the long bar with its many lines of white breakers, sand dunes and the level beach near at hand. Mr. Crane has purchased as well, Wigwam Hill and the great tract of picturesque dunes, the old Castle Neck, with the exception of the small tract owned by the United States, on which the light house was built in 1837. He has acquired also the Sagamore Hill farm." (Thomas Franklin Waters, Ipswich in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, Vol. 2, 1917.)</p><br>
<p>In 1924, the Italian Renaissance-style villa was torn down, as promised, and a new mansion subsequently took its place. Designed by architect David Adler of Chicago, the new fifty-nine-room mansion included a main facade in the 17th-century Stuart style, a library with Grinling Gibbons carvings imported from an English country house (Cassiobury House), parquet wood flooring, and paneled interior rooms from an 18th-century townhouse at 75 Dean Street, London. Completed in 1928, this splendid mansion still stands, and the Olmsted Brothers&#39; landscaping also remains largely unchanged. A pair of immense seated griffin statues by renowned sculptor Paul Manship grace the entrance to the north terrace overlooking the sea. These were a gift from employees of Crane Co. to Richard Crane in 1928, upon completion of his new home.</p><br>
<h2>Trust</h2><br>
<p>After the death of Richard Crane, the estate passed to his wife, Florence. In 1945, the Crane family donated much of their private beach and dunes to The Trustees of Reservations, a private, non-profit land conservation and historic preservation organization, with 112 properties throughout the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. When Florence Crane died in 1949, the rest of the property, including the mansion, was given to The Trustees, who maintain the property to this day and offer tours of the historic mansion seasonally.</p><br>
<p>The property was used as a forum for outdoor concerts in the late 1950s and early 1960s, featuring such jazz legends as Louis Armstrong, Ella Fitzgerald and Dave Brubeck, and as part of a Castle Hill Art Center and music camp run by the New England Conservatory. Laid out just above the casino and pool, the stage faced the "Great House" so that audiences could sit on the splendid lawn of the Grande Allée, facing the ocean. The Trustees still offer a number of public programs throughout the year, including outdoor picnic concerts on the Allée, and Christmas events. All part of the Crane Estate, Castle Hill&#39;s once-private beaches are now open to the public as Crane Beach.</p><br>
<p>Since 1996, The Trustees have been hosting the outdoor picnic concerts each week over the summer. Generally, the groups that play at the concerts are from a wide variety of different musical genres. Both Ipswich residents and visitors are welcome to join the large audiences that show up to each concert.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>The 1987 movie The Witches of Eastwick prominently features the grounds and mansion at Castle Hill, the site filmed on location as home of the eccentric millionaire Daryl Van Horne, played by Jack Nicholson.</p><br>
<p>The 1987 movie Flowers in the Attic also features Castle Hill. It is the main location at which nearly all scenes were filmed. The beginning scene shows the children walking towards the front of the house after being dropped off by the bus. In reality, the bus stop is at the end of the rolling green, where the lawn ends and the ocean begins.</p><br>
<p>The 2009 movie Ghosts of Girlfriends Past was predominantly filmed inside and outside the mansion. Several fake windows, statues, and columns were added to the building, in addition to a circular driveway added to the front. These fiberglass additions have now been removed, along with the circular driveway.</p><br>
<p>The 2014 movie The Equalizer features a shot of Castle Hill in one of the final scenes, and the caption describes it as being in Moscow, Russia.</p><br>
<p>Phil Keoghan opened the first episode and introduced the video background segments of the contestants of The Amazing Race 17 from the grass mall.</p><br>
<p>Turkey Mountain Urban Wilderness Area is a 300 acre area of undeveloped land that stretches from I-44 to 71st Street in Tulsa in the US state of Oklahoma. It is managed by the Tulsa River Parks Authority and open to the public. The main entrance to the wilderness area is at 67th Street and Elwood Avenue in West Tulsa.</p><br>
<h2>Turkey Mountain</h2><br>
<p>Turkey Mountain is a hill occupying a wide area on the west side of the Arkansas River in Tulsa, Oklahoma. The summit is 104 ft above the river below, offering a good view of Tulsa.</p><br>
<h2>Trails</h2><br>
<p>The Turkey Mountain Urban Wilderness Area have four marked trails between 0.8 and in length, for running or cycling as well as over 25 mi of unmarked trails. The 25 mile long River Parks paved trail passes through the Turkey Mountain Wilderness Area, close to the river, connecting the area to other river side parks in Tulsa.</p><br>
<p>In June 2016, the National Park Service designated the Turkey Mountain trails as part of the National Recreation Trail system.</p><br>
<h2>Claimed petroglyphs</h2><br>
<p>Close to the river there are several markings in the stone, one of which has been claimed to be the letters "gwn" (claimed to mean fair or white hair). These were believed by writer Barry Fell to be petroglyphs left by pre-Columbian European travelers. The idea of Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact by Europeans, apart from the Vikings in Newfoundland, is considered a fringe theory or pseudoarchaeology.</p><br>
<p>Burnaby Lake is a lake located in Burnaby, British Columbia and is the focal geographic feature and namesake of Burnaby Lake Regional Park. Occupying 3.11 km&sup2; of land, and is home to a large variety of wildlife. At least 70 species of birds make the lake and surrounding areas their home, and about 214 species of birds visit the lake throughout the year. The park has been managed by the Metro Vancouver Parks Department since 1977.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Burnaby Lake is a glacial lake that formed about 12,000 years ago, at the end of the Pleistocene ice age.</p><br>
<p>The lake was named by Colonel Richard Moody after his private secretary, Robert Burnaby. According to a map and materials by Heritage Advisory Committee and Environment and Waste Management Committee of the City of Burnaby (1993), in March 1859 Colonel Moody began to survey the site of New Westminster as the capital city for the new Colony of British Columbia. He was particularly intrigued with the possibility that a fresh water lake existed north of the town. In a letter to Governor James Douglas Moody wrote: "I now learn from the Indians that a lake does exist... Burnaby and Blake immediately volunteered their services to explore and also to trace the mouth to Burrards Inlet and to report generally on the countryside north of the town. After a considerable reluctance on account of the weather I have let them go with four days provisions in light marching order, not even tents, two Indians, a Canadian Voyageur attached to Parson&#39;s survey party and my own trusty Corporal Brown R.E. They have been away now three days in the most deplorable weather. The rain was in torrents all last night and it is streaming down still in tropical torrents - nothing would gladden my eyes more than to see them back."</p><br>
<p>Robert Burnaby and the rest of the party did return safely and the official hydrographic chart produced in 1860 featured two discoveries: Burnaby Lake and the Brunette River.</p><br>
<p>A number of sawmills were situated here in the late 19th century.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The lake is situated to the east of Burnaby City Hall, and is bordered by Highway 1 to the south, and the CN New Westminster Sub to the north (Formerly BN track). The Burnaby Lake Line of the British Columbia Electric Railway&#39;s interurban service from New Westminster to Vancouver ran along the south side of the lake.</p><br>
<p>Still Creek, Eagle Creek, and Deer Lake flow into Burnaby Lake, while the lake empties from the east to the Fraser River through the Brunette River.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>Burnaby Lake hosts over 400 varieties of plant, bird, fish, mammal, reptile and amphibian species. An exceptionally wide variety of birds frequent the area, including great blue herons, bald eagles, osprey, and the green heron. Black bears once were common in the area. Vegetation such as bladderworts, cattails, bulrushes, and sedges are common around the area, with deciduous trees around the edge of the marshes. Conifers occupy the areas furthest from the lake.</p><br>
<p>The lake is said to act as a settling pond for incoming pollutants from Still Creek, thereby protecting the outflowing Brunette River. Large amounts of sediment, peat moss, decomposing plants, and water lilies make the lake unsuitable for swimming.</p><br>
<p>Because many storm sewers drain to the lake and the Brunette River, the Cariboo Dam at Brunette River controls the rate of water outflow to prevent flooding downstream during times of heavy rain.</p><br>
<h2>Activities</h2><br>
<p>Birdwatching and hiking are common, with 19 km of walking and hiking trails circling the entire lake. The Burnaby Equestrian Centre is located here, with 6 km of horseback riding trails along the southern and eastern sides of the lake. Canoeing, rowing, and kayaking is also popular, with the Burnaby Canoe and Kayak Club and the Burnaby Lake Rowing Club in the Burnaby Lake Pavilion at the west end of the lake.</p><br>
<h3>Other attractions</h3><br>
<p>Burnaby Lake Nature House</p><br>
<p>Butterfly garden</p><br>
<p>Piper Spit pier</p><br>
<p>Burnaby Sports Complex</p><br>
<p>Wildlife Rescue Association</p><br>
<p>The park is open from 8am to 9pm between the start of Daylight Saving Time (second Sunday of March) to Labour Day, and 8am to dusk for the rest of the year.</p><br>
<h2>Dredging</h2><br>
<p>Over the past decades, sediment has been filling up the lake, reducing the average lake depth. The lake is no longer suitable for competitive paddling sports, normal ecological balance has been disrupted, and parts of it are in danger of being reduced to mudflats and wetlands. The city is scheduled to begin removing 360,000 cubic metres of sediment, as part of the "Burnaby Lake Rejuvenation Project", in August 2006.</p><br>
<p>Linosa  is one of the Pelagie Islands in the Sicily Channel of the Mediterranean Sea.</p><br>
<p>The island is a part of the comune of Lampedusa e Linosa, part of the province of Agrigento, Sicily. It has a population of 430.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The island is cited first as Greek Aethusa "Αἰθοῦσσα" by Strabo and Algusa "Ἀλγοῦσσα" by Pliny the Elder in his Naturalis Historia. The name "Lenusa" appeared first during the 16th century in the writing of Tommaso Fazello while the modern one date back to 1845 used by the Knight Bernardo Maria Sanvinsente.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The island has an area of 5.45 km² and is of volcanic origin. It is formed by a series of craters of which Monte Vulcano, 195 m high, is the most important. The closest land to Linosa is the island of Lampedusa, which lies 43 km to the south. Linosa is situated 119 km west of Gozo, Malta, 121 km southeast of Pantelleria, 163 km south of Sicily and 165 km east of Cape Mahida in Tunisia.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>During the Punic Wars it was used by the Romans as a base; the 150 water cisterns remaining are from this period. Roman domination was followed by Saracen, Norman, Angevin and Aragonese control. During the Napoleonic Wars, the British considered the possibility of taking over Linosa (together with Pantelleria and Lampedusa) so as to be able to supply Malta, but a Royal Commission stated in an 1812 report that there would be considerable difficulties in this venture.</p><br>
<p>The island remained deserted until 1843 when Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies ordered Knight Bernardo Maria Sanvinsente, captain of frigate, to colonize the island. The first thirty colonists (artisans from Ustica, Agrigento and Pantelleria) with the addition of a major, a priest and a doctor, landed on 25 April 1845.</p><br>
<p>During World War II, a small Italian garrison surrendered to a British force from HMS Nubian on the morning of 13 June 1943.</p><br>
<p>Few were interested in the island during the Kingdom of Italy and only in the 1970s did the island begin to change, with technological innovations and the development of tourism. The first telephone exchange was installed in 1963, the first power station in 1967, and a new school with a nursery in 1968. In 1983 the building of a desalinization plant provided a constant supply of potable water.</p><br>
<h2>Economy</h2><br>
<p>Linosa&#39;s population subsists on fishing, agriculture and tourism.</p><br>
<p>Maiden Moor is a fell in the English Lake District, it stands 6 km south of the town of Keswick and is part of the high ground that separates the Newlands Valley and Borrowdale, it has a modest height of 576 m and so fails to be mentioned on many UK mountain lists but it does have a separate chapter in Alfred Wainwright’s Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The meaning of the fell&#39;s name is obscure, the name "Maiden" is given to many prehistoric hill forts but there is no evidence that a hill fort ever existed on the fell, it may refer to a place where games or rituals were played where maidens took part.</p><br>
<h2>Topography</h2><br>
<p>The fell&#39;s main natural features are Bull Crag which lies below the summit on the Newlands side and the hollow of Yewthwaite Combe which stands beneath the col linking the fell with Catbells on the Newlands side.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The Maiden Moor ridge is an example of the Buttermere Formation, an olistostrome of disrupted, sheared and folded mudstone, siltstone and sandstone.</p><br>
<h2>Mining and Mrs Tiggy-Winkle</h2><br>
<p>The Combe is the site of the disused Yewthwaite lead mine and there are extensive spoil heaps and old adits and shafts. The mine opened in the late 18th century and closed in 1893. This mine area was made famous by Beatrix Potter as the location of the story "The Tale of Mrs. Tiggy-Winkle", the story she dedicated to Lucy Carr, daughter of the vicar of Newlands Church, Mrs. Tiggy-Winkle is supposed to have lived in one of the holes in the fell above the mine.</p><br>
<h2>Ascents</h2><br>
<p>Maiden Moor stands between two well known fells (Catbells and High Spy) and is part of the popular Newlands Horseshoe walk, so it is often approached along the ridge from other fells by walkers whose main objective is a longer walk. However the fell can be climbed directly from Grange in Borrowdale and Little Town in the Newlands valley. Both routes climb to the col (Hause Gate) linking the fell to Catbells and then ascend by the northern ridge. Approaching the top of the fell the path splits with the main path continuing to High Spy without (unusually) going over the highest point of the fell. The right hand fork follows the escarpment above Newlands to reach the summit which is crowned by a small cairn.</p><br>
<h2>Summit</h2><br>
<p>There is no easy way of discerning the exact highest point as the top is a level grassy plateau. There are excellent views across the Newlands valley to the Coledale fells and beyond.</p><br>
<p>The Gungarlin River, a perennial river of the Snowy River catchment, is located in the Snowy Mountains region of New South Wales, Australia.</p><br>
<h2>Course and features</h2><br>
<p>The Gungarlin River rises below the Munyang Range, in the southern part of the Kosciuszko National Park, on the slopes of Happy Jacks Plain, approximately 3 km northwest of Adaminaby. The river flows generally south southeast, then south by west, then west by south, and finally south by west, joined by two tributaries including the Burrungubugge River, before reaching its confluence with the Snowy River. The river descends 606 m over its 31 km course.</p><br>
<p>The Snowy Mountains Scheme captures water from the lower Gungarlin River at the Gungarlin Weir and diverts water to the Island Bend Reservoir. The Snowy Water Inquiry Outcomes Implementation Deed identifies environmental water allocations to the released from the Gungarlin Weir as part of the Snowy Montane Rivers Increased Flows. The reaches below the weir currently contain no base flow.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>There are many mountain huts along or close to the river including Daveys Hut, Botherum Plain Hut, Buhlmans, Mrs Caseys, and Kellys Hut.</p><br>
<p>The Gungarlin River is a popular summer destination for trout fishing, cycling and hiking.</p><br>
<p>Lucentum is the name of the Roman predecessor of the city of Alicante, Spain. Particularly, it refers to the archaeological site in which the remains of this ancient settlement lie, at a place known as El Tossal de Manises, in the neighborhood of Albufereta.</p><br>
<h2>Ancient History</h2><br>
<p>The settlement in the area of Alicante was called Akra Leuka (Greek Άκρα Λευκά, white cliff or similar) by the Greeks. Another possibility is that the name is of Iberian origin and consists of two parts, lug, "water" or "sea", and cant, "steep embankment" or "cliff", giving us the meaning "the cliff near the water/sea&quot this is plausible in view of the topography of the site.(See Jacques R. Pauwels, Beneath the Dust of Time: A History of the Names of Peoples and Places, London, 2009.)</p><br>
<p>As a Mediterranean and Iberian commercial center, it had trading contacts with Greece, Phoenicia, the southern Iberian city of Tartessos, absorbing some of their influences. This unique mixture gave rise to a culture called Contestani by Pliny the Elder and Strabo. Especially with the ascendance of Carthage, it imported a number of Carthaginian architectural features, traces of which are still present in the ruins.</p><br>
<p>However, the majority of the city&#39;s remains bear a Roman stamp. The town was refounded as Lucentum after Publius Cornelius Scipio conquered the area in the course of the Second Punic War, and over the years it gained a thoroughly Roman character, complete with baths, forums, temples, sewers, etc.</p><br>
<p>The city enjoyed its peak between the 1st century BC and the 1st century AD, entering into a decline at the end of this period and was effectively abandoned during the 2nd and 3rd centuries. The chief cause of this decline was competition from the neighboring city of Ilici (todays Elche/Elx), which had better water and land communications and began to usurp Lucentums trade. Eventually, the settlement was completely depopulated, the site used only for a Muslim cemetery during the 10th and 11th centuries.</p><br>
<h2>Modern history</h2><br>
<p>The first modern evidence concerning the location of the ancient city came in 1780, when the Count of Lumiares, Antonio Valcárcel Pío de Saboya, suggested that the ruins of Tossal de Manises - which he personally had excavated for a number of years — were in fact Lucentum. This contradicted the common wisdom at the time, which held that the Roman city was well outside the town of Alicante. Later, the ruins were excavated by Lafuente and Figueras, who found the more ancient Carthaginian city. In the 1930s they were again excavated by a Professor Belda, around which time a necropolis was discovered during road construction.</p><br>
<p>The site contains evidence of both the Iberian and the Roman epochs, although in terms of material recovered and ruins remaining the Roman influences (especially from the 1st century AD and afterwards) predominate. The Roman city was constructed over the Iberian one, of which practically nothing remains except for the walls. The lower level is contemporary with a necropolis excavated in the 1930s to make way for a road, and whose materials are now housed in the Archaeological Museum of Alicante. Among these, a number of cauldrons stand out as well as Iberian ceramics decorated with geometric shapes, birds, and fish, sculptures, jewelry, amulets of Egyptian origin, terracotta ware, and weapons. Of the jewelry recovered, a type of pendant, possibly for masculine use, is quite notable as it suggests that there was a local workshop whose production made its way into other local burial sites. Finally, the "Kore de Alicante", currently housed in the Archaeological Museum of Catalonia could have come from this site.</p><br>
<p>In the post-war period, the site (located in a privileged place, with an excellent view of the ancient lagoon and bay) was in danger of disappearing, a victim of real estate speculation. However, efforts by those in favor of its preservation, most notably the Swedish archaeologist Solveig Nordström, succeeded in defending the site. This effort culminated in the 1961 designation as an "Artistic and Historic Monument", which afforded some legal protection. Unfortunately, the preservation movement could not stop much development around the site, with the result that the ruins are surrounded by tall buildings and is in no way "visually pure".</p><br>
<p>Despite the legal protections which had been won for the ruins, they suffered from neglect and exposure for a number of years, until efforts were finally made in the 1990s to conserve them. This resulted in recent construction, directed by the architect Rafael Pérez Jiménez and the archaeologist Manuel Olcina Doménech, which aims at the definitive and irreversible conservation of what remains of the ruins. Such a recuperation represents a cultural milestone for Alicante.</p><br>
<h2>Lucentum Today</h2><br>
<p>Presently, one can visit the archaeological site, which covers an area of some 30,000 m&sup2;. The most noticeable features are the remains of the fortifying wall (including the foundations of the pre-Roman defensive towers), the baths, the forum, part of the Muslim necropolis, and a multitude of houses. In addition, a part of the Tossal de Manisses is currently being excavated, which it is hoped will increase the size and importance of the site.</p><br>
<p>The influence of Lucentum is also present in the culture of the area, with many businesses, associations, and sports clubs in the Alicante area bearing the name of the ancient city.</p><br>
<p>The Shark River is a river in eastern New Jersey that rises in eastern Monmouth County and flows southeast for 11.7 mi, continuing through Neptune Township and Wall Township. The river continues towards the Shark River Inlet, an estuary that feeds into the Atlantic Ocean between Belmar and Avon-by-the-Sea.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Originally called the Nolletquesset River by the Lenni Lenape Indians, the name Shirk River appears on a 1764 indenture for an adjacent land sale. It’s said the name refers to the laziness of certain settlers or soldiers who shirked their duties to enjoy the beauty and recreation of the river. The name Shack River is listed on a 1781 map, probably for the many fishing and hunting shanties that lined the shores. Another map of the same time refers to the river as Hogs Pond. By the early 1800’s, the crescent-shaped waterway was referred to as Shark River Pond. While it may very well be a derivation of the names “Shirk” or “Shack” River, the evolution of the name is fancifully bantered about in different folk myths. It’s said in the mid 1800’s, a large shark was swept up river and perished. The locals pulled the creature up on the beach and immortalized it by renaming the river. Others say it is named for the many fossil shark teeth that can still be found along its banks.</p><br>
<p>One 1812 map of New Jersey has Shark River titled as "White Creek".</p><br>
<h2>River or bay</h2><br>
<p>There is some disagreement about the Shark River actually being a river, as it closely resembles a tidal basin: a tidal, salt water region separated from the open sea by a land formation, or barrier, and primarily influenced by oceanic tidal fluctuations.</p><br>
<p>The area commonly referred to as the Shark River (not the inlet with its bulkhead) is actually a small bay of approximately eight hundred acres which includes the confluence of four fresh water streams, adjacent mud flats, salt marshes, the open water, and the inlet which connects the bay to the Atlantic Ocean.</p><br>
<p>The term river generally refers to an aquatic entity that sustains a substantial amount of moving fresh water. The primary tributaries supplying fresh water to the Shark River tidal basin are; Shark River Stream, Jumping Brook; Musquash Brook, and Laurel Brook. These four streams, while draining a sizable watershed, only provide a negligible amount of fresh water to the basin when compared to the large amounts of salt water entering via the normal tidal fluctuation. This small amount of fresh water entering the bay, the relatively small size of the bay itself, and the substantial amounts of salt water that enters the bay (via the inlet), better describes the Shark River as a “tidal basin” than a river.</p><br>
<p>The river (or stream) travels through sediments deposited during the Late Eocene and Middle Miocene periods. Fossils of reptiles, mammals and shark teeth and other fish remains can be found along its banks.</p><br>
<h2>Monmouth County Park - Shark River Park</h2><br>
<p>Shark River Park, the Monmouth County Park System&#39;s first park, opened in 1961, covers 933 acre on either side of the Shark River in Neptune and Wall townships.</p><br>
<p>The Burnside River is a river in the Canadian terrirory of Nunavut. It has its headwaters at Contwoyto Lake , flows across the Precambrian Shield&#39;s Contwoyto Plateau, flows through isolated and rugged tundra, into Lake Kathawachaga, and through the Wilberforce Hills region. Before emptying into Bathurst Inlet on the Arctic Ocean, the Mara River  empties into the Burnside River. The river has an island, Nadlak, historically notable for Inuit use of caribou antlers as hut roof infrastructures.</p><br>
<p>The river is surrounded by continuous permafrost. It is migratory crossing path of Bathurst Barren-ground caribou. Wildlife includes Arctic wolf, grizzly bears and muskox, while birds include golden eagle, rough-legged hawk and gyrfalcon. Arctic char, Arctic grayling, lake trout, and whitefish are also found in the river. Plants along the shoreline include dwarf willow and alder, plus 125 different wild flowers.</p><br>
<p>Copper Inuit artifacts and gravestones are located in the Burnside River area, along with trade items (needles, tools) they received from Dene. The area was explored in 1821 and 1822 by Sir John Franklin of the Hudson&#39;s Bay Company. Present day, it is a popular wilderness whitewater canoe route, offering long stretches of continuous whitewater, as well as several more challenging sets of rapids.</p><br>
<p>The Central Vermont Railway Depot is a historic former train station at Depot Square in the village of Northfield, Vermont. Built in 1852, it is believed to be the oldest surviving railroad station in the state. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Situated on the west end of Northfields Depot Square green, the Central Vermont Railway Depot was once part of a relatively large complex of buildings built by the Central Vermont Railroad, including the Northfield Wood Company and common railyard buildings. Today, many of these buildings still stand; some have been converted into small offices by modern companies (such as TDS Telecom), others are used as storage by a local hardware and lumber store, while many remain vacant. In the 1970s, the decline of industry in the area took its toll on the station, and it was forced to cease operation. After several years of increasing disrepair, the side wings were demolished. As of 2006, the two nearest rail stations still in operation are in Randolph to the south, and Montpelier to the north. Roxbury, a small village 10 mi south of Northfield, had a rail station as well, which closed shortly after the Central Vermont Railway Depot. The depot building is currently occupied by a Merchants Bank location.</p><br>
<p>The depot is a two-story masonry structure, built out of brick laid in common bond, which rest on a cut stone foundation. It is covered by a gabled roof with unusually deep eaves (4 ft) supported by decorative rafter ends. Windows are mainly double-hung sash, set in rectangular openings with granite sills and lintels. The window above the main entrance (facing the Depot Square oval) is a Palladian-style three-part window. The gable above the front facade is decorated with Stick style woodwork, as is that on the rear (track-facing) side. The depot was built in 1852, but underwent significant alteration in the late 1890s. At that time, side wings were removed, and the Victorian Stick style decorations were added. A canopy over the platform between the depot and the tracks was removed in the mid-20th century.</p><br>
<p>Veveří Castle  is an originally ducal and royal castle some 12 km northwest of Brno city centre, Moravia, Czech Republic, on the River Svratka.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>11th to 15th centuries</h3><br>
<p>According to legend, the castle Veveří ("squirrel" in Czech) was founded by Přemyslid Duke Conrad of Brno in the middle of the 11th Century, then only as a hunting lodge (?). Nevertheless, the first credible recorded mention about the castle is from the years 1213 and 1222, when King Přemysl Otakar I used the fortified castle as a prison for rebellious peers. Initially, it was apparently a wooden or masonry (?) residence situated near the Romanesque church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary west of the present compound. In the 1220s a stone castle on the extremity of the rocky promontory behind a deep moat cut out of the rock started to grow. The so-called keep is the only structure which has remained well-preserved from this oldest building stage.</p><br>
<p>King John of Bohemia pledged the castle to nobleman Jan of Vartemberk in 1311, but his son, Margrave of Moravia Charles (later Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV), received the property as a debt settlement in 1335. Charles´ younger brother, Margrave Jan Jindřich (John Henry), then took a fancy for Veveří Castle. He was responsible for the building of its rear part with two towers and an outer ward. In the central area around the keep, he developed the main palace, which included a large hall and the Chapel of St. Procopius (later of St. Wenceslaus). The present appearance of the compound is the result of these building activities, giving the castle its basic silhouette of a medieval fortress.</p><br>
<p>The castle was a military-civic centre around a manor until the Hussite Wars. During the Hussite wars, Emperor Sigismund positioned mercenary forces of his son-in-law, Albrecht of Austria, around the castle, but he later pledged it to local nobleman Petr Kutěj in 1424. The Hussites besieged the castle in vain during the years 1428–32. During the second half of the 15th century, the castle was rented by Przemyslaus II of Těšín, who decided to reinforce the castle with the construction of surrounding walls. In 1468, King of Hungary and antiking of Bohemia Matthias Corvinus started his occupation of the castle.</p><br>
<p>At the end of the 15th century, Václav of Ludanice acquired the castle and became the first representative of his noble family which resided here. But his mismanagement of expenses and debts resulted in the family&#39;s eventual sale of manor.</p><br>
<h3>Early Modern period</h3><br>
<p>During the years 1531&ndash;1537, Jan of Pernštejn and Jan of Lipá stayed at Veveří Castle. In successive years, the castle changed hands quickly.</p><br>
<p>In 1609, Zikmund von Tiefenbach acquired the castle by marriage. Rudolf von Tiefenbach, an older brother of Zikmund, was a Protestant at that time, yet he remained loyal to the Catholic Emperor (and later converted to Catholicism). On November 8, 1620, at the Battle of White Mountain, he and his regiment sided with the Imperial Army (i.e. against rebellious Bohemian Estates). As a reward for its loyalty to the Catholic emperors Tiefenbach family could keep the castle and adjacent manor even after the majority of Bohemian Protestant nobility was confiscated and expelled into exile.</p><br>
<p>In 1645, the Swedish Army laid siege to Veveří Castle, but their attack was unsuccessful, as the castle was well guarded and the defenders well armed. In 1653, Maria Eva Alžběta of the Sternberg family (Rudolf of Tiefenbach&#39;s dowager) inherited the castle. In 1668, Václav Michal, Count of Althan, bought the castle and resided there in 1668–70.</p><br>
<p>At the end of the 17th century, compound belonged to the House of Collalto. Later, when the House of Sinzendorf (1707–1804) replaced this family, an extensive reconstruction was realized, and since that time, the exterior structure of the castle has remained practically unchanged. In 1742, the Prussian Army, having gained entry by the treachery of the castle steward, pillaged the interior of the estate.</p><br>
<h3>19th and early 20th centuries</h3><br>
<p>At the beginning of the 19th century, an industrial magnate Vilém of Mundy purchased the castle. Although he had earlier arrived in the area as a simple wayfaring traveler, he achieved prominence and wealth after establishing a cloth factory in 1780, and successfully managing his trade. In essence, he worked his way up until he could own Veveří Castle.</p><br>
<p>In 1830 a Swedish emigre, Prince Gustavus Wasa, son of the deposed & exiled King of Sweden Gustav IV, bought the castle and began systematically to build it as the representative seat of his family. This nobleman lived at the estate with his spouse, princess Louisa. Nevertheless, in 1844 he divorced, and the property went to Greek banker, baron Georgios Sinas. Before he died in 1856, Sinas divided his family possessions. His granddaughter Helena obtained Veveří Castle, but at that time she was still a juvenile, so the property was administered by her father. Later, Helena married Prince Gregor Ypsilanti. She kept a pompous and very expensive court. In 1886, Ypsilanti died in Paris. Widow Helena sold the estate.</p><br>
<p>In 1881, the castle had a new owner, Moritz von Hirsch-Gereuth. During this period, von Hirsch had extensive repairs and renovations completed, including a new iron water supply, roofs, and telephone connections to Obora and the manor house in the nearby town of Rosice. The castle chapel was removed in the process.</p><br>
<p>Von Hirsch died in Hungary in 1896, at the age of 64. His widow Clara de Hirsch died three years later, on 1 April 1899.</p><br>
<p>Maurice Arnold de Forest inherited his adoptive fathers residence, Schloss Eichhorn/ Veveří Castle in Moravia, then part of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire. During de Forests time as proprietor, Sir Winston Churchill and his wife Lady Clementine spent several days in Veveří Castle during their honeymoon journey throughout Europe (1908). Churchill had stayed there alone twice before. The de Forest family resided at Veveří Castle until 1925, when they sold it to the newly created Czechoslovak Republic (which included also territory of Moravia). De Forest received £100,000 from the Czech government.</p><br>
<h3>WWII and after</h3><br>
<p>During World War II, the castle was occupied by the Wehrmacht (Germans set up barracks), and during this period area was extensively damaged, including shooting damage to the second floor of the so-called palace. After 1945, a permanent exposition was set up on the site. Although never refurbished to pre-war quality, the castle was still open to the public. In the 1950s, the castle was closed to the public and a school of forestry took over, doing additional damage. Starting in 1972, there was a disastrous project to turn the castle into an international conference center, which fortunately was only partly realized and stopped before more damage to the castl&#39;e historical and artistic value could be done. After the political changes in 1989 the castle continued being neglected.</p><br>
<p>In 1994, Veveří Castle was again opened to the public, but in 1999, it was abruptly closed and allowed to fall into a state of disrepair during lengthy "property transfers". After several unsuccessful attempts to rent the castle for commercial use, the castle passed in September 1999 from the management of the Ministry of Education under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Culture and joined the portfolio of historic buildings managed by the National Heritage Institute in Brno. Thanks to the program to protect the architectural heritage of the Ministry of Culture and extraordinary subsidies from the state budget of the city of Brno, the South Moravian Region, and voluntary collections, the worst emergency conditions were stabilized and a number of noteworthy renovations and reconstructions carried out, primarily of the palace. These renovations included a large-scale rebuilding of the "loft" above the palace, and the great dining room with its notable frescoes. Since 2002, the castle is again open to the public, including guided tours of the palace. The complete restoration of all buildings, furniture, courtyards and parks will take many years.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The castle is usually entered via the so-called Southern Gate/barbacan (jižní brána). This originally Gothic gate was recuilt in the late Renaissance style in 1626. Above the portals, there are coats of arms belonging to Zigmund of Tiefenbach and his two wives, Kateřina of Lomnice and Bohunka of Žerotin.</p><br>
<p>Leading from the Southern Gate to the palace is the castle bridge, mentioned as one of the first ferro-concrete structures in the former Austro-Hungarian Empire. It was built on the site of a gothic drawbridge and later a Baroque bridge decorated with the statues of four saints in 1896.</p><br>
<p>From the bridge one proceeds through a passage through the palace with keep. On the left is the so-called Black Kitchen, recently restored, where several ovens and a dish-washing basin have been preserved. The keep around which the palace is built is the tallest and oldest of the ten currently visible towers of Veveří Castle, built in the early 13th century as the primary deense element of the oldest building stage of the castle. The palace is the main residential castle building, created by connecting the keep and two medieval palaces.</p><br>
<p>The former Gothic chapel of St. Prokopius in the palace, which originally extended vertically from the ground floor to the second, was replaced in the late 19th century with separate spaces on the ground floor and a library and administrative spaces on the second floor. A preliminary plan has been developed for the reconstruction of the chapel.</p><br>
<p>Beyond the palace one proceeds through a courtyard, which was created in the early 19th century by pulling down two 13th-century royal palaces. Luckily, records remain of the appearance of these palaces. Beyond the courtyard lies the so-called English Wing, constructed in the second half of the 17th century in the corridor between the Gothic calls. The ground floor served to park horse carriages, while the first floor was used as an armory and later as a granary. The building stands in need of extensive and costly renovation. Yet further along is found the so-called Backyard Palace, erected in the 17th century with two valuted rooms, one above the other. The renovation plans call for it to be made into a space for cultural events.</p><br>
<p>At the southeastern conrner of the castle stands the so-called Eastern Prismatic Tower, built in the 14th century to protect the castle area from the east. South of this tower archaeological remains have been uncovered of walls of a medieval Eastern Castle Palace, which probably dates from the late 15th century and was pulled down before the mid-17th century.</p><br>
<h2>Notable people</h2><br>
<p>Vladislaus III, Duke of Bohemia - Duke</p><br>
<p>Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia - Duke</p><br>
<p>Ottokar II of Bohemia - King</p><br>
<p>Blanche of Valois - margraves consort</p><br>
<p>Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor - European monarch</p><br>
<p>John Henry, Margrave of Moravia - moravian monarch</p><br>
<p>Jobst of Moravia, King of Germany - European and moravian monarch</p><br>
<p>Master of Vyšší Brod - medieval painter</p><br>
<p>Parler - architect and sculptor</p><br>
<p>Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden - King in exile</p><br>
<p>Gustav, Prince of Vasa - crown prince in exile</p><br>
<p>Georgios Sinas - banker</p><br>
<p>Winston Churchill - politician</p><br>
<p>Clementine Churchill</p><br>
<p>Gun Lake is a lake in the USA state of Michigan, located mostly in Barry County with the southwestern tip extending into Allegan County. Along most of the lake are numerous summer homes, cottages, and permanent residences. The Yankee Springs Recreation Area is based on northeastern portions of the lake. Gun Lake is the location of a State Park with a boat launch, two beaches, a campground, and picnic areas.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>Gun lake is shaped like a butterfly; it has two halves that are somewhat symmetrical and shaped like the wings of a butterfly. In the southeast quarter is an island known as "Party Island" to those that do not own it. The owner has then such filed a complaint and the island is no longer open to the public. Hence the name "Party Island" was retired early summer of 2010. On the weekends many boats gather there because of the shallow, sandy rim around the island. Its official name is Orangeville Island. Other than Robbin&#39;s Bay, popular fishing spots include Pickerel Cove, on the southern shore, on the left "wing" of the lake, Bairds Cove, and the many channels that protrude off the "butterfly" part of the lake. It is a popular tourist destination in the summer. The shops and businesses sprinkled along the shores and inland enjoy that time of year. In the winter, many activities play a part in the lives of people that live there, such and Winterfest, where events such as a polar bear dip take place, and ice fishing in also a common sight in the cold months.</p><br>
<h2>Fishery</h2><br>
<p>In the lake there are populations of Black Bullhead, Black Crappie, Bluegill, Bowfin, Brown Bullhead, Green Sunfish, Largemouth Bass, Longnose Gar, Muskie, Northern Pike, Rock Bass, Smallmouth Bass, Spotted Gar, Walleye, and Yellow Perch. Freshwater Crustaceans, known as Crayfish, also have some residency in the lake, and can be found in many of the shallows in the summertime as their young grow.</p><br>
<p>The lake is most famous for its large Walleye population, although according to the last Michigan DNR report in 1991, they only make up about 8.6 percent of the lake&#39;s fish. Bullheads are the most prosperous species in the lake, although many of the other species exists peacefully despite their lower percentage of existence.</p><br>
<h2>Neighboring lakes</h2><br>
<p>A number of other lakes are closely connected to Gun Lake. An inlet leads to nearby Payne Lake, and also to Fish rearing ponds. The lake&#39;s outlet is into the Gun River, which connects by the Kalamazoo River to Lake Michigan. The largest nearby lake is Long Lake. In recent years, a small culvert was erected under the road separating Gun and Long Lakes in the Northeast corner of Gun Lake. It leads under the road, and is an easy gateway to get to Long Lake.</p><br>
<p>The Maule river or Río Maule  is one of the most important rivers of Chile. It is inextricably linked to the countrys pre-Hispanic  times, the countrys conquest, colonial period, wars of Independence, modern history, agriculture , culture , religion, economy and politics. The Maule River marked the southern limits of the Inca Empire. Many famous men and women in Chile&#39;s history have been born in the Region named after the river. The river has also lent its name to one of the viticultural regions of the country , the Valley of Maule, a subregion of the Central Valley.</p><br>
<h2>Upper reach</h2><br>
<p>The river is 240 km long and its basin covers around 20,600 km². Thirty percent of the basin is located in the Andean range. It is born in Laguna del Maule in Talca Province, at an altitude of 2,200 mt in the vicinity of the border with Argentina. From that point the rivers flows westwardly and is soon joined on its left bank by one of its main tributaries, the Melado River, which is born in Laguna Dial, in Linares Province. Further on, and still in its upper course, the Maule is joined, this time on its right bank by rivers Colorado, Claro, Puelche and Cipreses.</p><br>
<h2>Middle reach</h2><br>
<p>Before arriving at the central valley, the Maule is dammed into the Colbún dam lake that feeds the hydroelectric power station of the same name.</p><br>
<p>Further on, the Maule is joined by the Claro (another river named Claro) and the Loncomilla. The latter flows from the south and receives several tributaries: the Putagán, the Achibueno - Ancoa system, the Perquilauquén, the Purapel and the Cauquenes.</p><br>
<h2>Lower reach</h2><br>
<p>In its lower reaches, the river receives only one modest tributary, the Estero de los Puercos and, after flowing for nearly 250 kilometers, the Maule ends at the Pacific Ocean, north of the city of Constitución.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>The Maule River basin contains a number of significant flora and fauna of Chile. Historically the Chilean Wine Palm, Jubaea chilensis, was present in the Maule River basin; however, due to expansion of the human population in this region, this endangered tree has a more restricted range that still includes some of the northern portion of the Maule Region.</p><br>
<h2>Literary Allusions</h2><br>
<p>The Maule has been considered as Chiles literary river par excellence. The number of poets, writers, historians, orators, playwrights, journalists as well as composers and folk musicians that have been born or have settled in the Maule Region, to which "the river of the fogs" has given its name, is quite staggering. Many Latin American stories have had the river as the main background or protagonist. Several anthologies, authors dictionaries and essays have given vivid accounts of the vast cultural wealth of the region around river Maule.</p><br>
<p>Lincoln Park is a city square neighborhood in city of Newark in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. It is bounded by the Springfield/Belmont, South Broad Valley, South Ironbound and Downtown neighborhoods. It is bounded by Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd.  to the west, West Kinney St. to the north, the McCarter Highway to the east and South St., Pennsylvania Avenue, Lincoln Park and Clinton Avenue to the south. Part of the neighborhood is a historic district listed on the New Jersey Register of Historic Places and the National Register of Historic Places. Lincoln Park as a street turns into Clinton Avenue toward the south edge of the park.</p><br>
<p>Lincoln Park itself was one of three original colonial era commons and for a long time the heart of a fashionable residential district, the others being Washington Park and Military Park. In the early 20th century, the Lincoln Park area was a neighborhood of nightclubs known as "The Coast". It was a center of jazz and a red-light district or "tenderloin" formally called the Barbary Coast, after San Francisco&#39;s neighborhood. The area is now home to the City Without Walls gallery (cWOW), Newark Symphony Hall and the Newark School of the Arts.</p><br>
<p>The district is slowly being revitalized by The Lincoln Park/Coast Cultural District (LPCCD), which states it mission to "develop a sustainable arts community built on affordable housing, green jobs, Black music, culture and urban farming The LPCCD sponsors the annual Lincoln Park Music Festival in July, which since beginning in 2006 has grown to be an event attracting 50,000 spectators. The LPCCD would like to develop the Museum of African American Music. (MoAAM) in recognition of the district&#39;s past as a breeding ground for music.</p><br>
<p>Newark in the past has been a large producer of gospel music and continues to produce well-known black artists. The Coast is being redeveloped to pay homage and recreate on a small scale an area with deep roots in African American music. The museum will be a collection of archives of jazz, blues, spirituals, hip-hop, rock n roll, gospel, house music, and rhythm and blues. Help for the construction of the museum and the surrounding redevelopment is coming from the Smithsonian Institution, which has been working with the city. An "Arts Park" is also in the planning stages in addition to new housing, stores, a restaurant, nightclub, music studio and dance studio. In early plans for a third Newark Light Rail segment (connecting Penn Station and Newark Liberty), a stop was proposed for Lincoln Park/Symphony Hall on Mulberry Street and Camp Street.</p><br>
<p>Lincoln Park has been nicknamed the "Arts District" of Newark. While not a comparable artist colony in relation to cities of similar or larger size, Lincoln Park is home to the City Without Walls art gallery; the Newark School of the Arts, a heavily endowed performance and fine arts institution; and Newark Symphony Hall (1020 Broad Street), a venue for hip hop, rap, jazz, and performing arts events and concerts. Several independent artists focusing on many types of media live in new or rehabilitated housing investments that have been built since 2008 and continue to target spaces to artists. Because there is no organized membership or organization for artists, it is unknown how many artists live in the area. Several million dollars of capital investment has been made over the past 10 years in Lincoln Park, including some of the first LEED and eco-friendly certified buildings in the city.</p><br>
<p>Lincoln Park is surrounded on three sides by more than one dozen small to large in-patient substance abuse rehabilitation facilities for adults and teenagers, mostly suburbanites who are court-sentenced into treatment and rehabilitation. The two main substance abuse treatment centers are CURA, Inc. and Integrity House, both of which operate several mens and womens dormitories as well as out-patient services along the park. Most of these facilities use re-purposed blighted brownstone buildings, former hotels, etc. that were abandoned and in disrepair until they were purchased and rehabilitated into substance abuse treatment facilities. In March 2014, Integrity House opened another 40-bed men&#39;s dormitory for in-patient treatment at 49-51 Lincoln Park. This left only a handful of abandoned or blighted structures surrounding Lincoln Park. The Lincoln Park community falls within the East district (or "3rd precinct").</p><br>
<p>The main body of Lincoln Park is bounded by Broad Street and contains several statues including Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen, Planting the Standard of Democracy, and most notably Captive&#39;s Choice, an historic statue erected in 1884 by Chauncey Ives, an American sculptor living in Rome, Italy. It depicts a young English woman who did not wish to return to her family after being held captive by American Indians during the French and Indian War. Lincoln park also has a healthy and varied array of large, old-growth trees. The Lincoln Park neighborhood has two community gardens. LPCCD is also planning a large community garden as part of its Façade! project behind the old South Park Calvary United Presbyterian Church, an historically preserved facade.</p><br>
<p>Lincoln Park benefits from its proximity to mixed-use and non-mixed-use properties that include institutional, residential, horticultural, commercial, and educational facilities. Other notable buildings situated along Lincoln Park include:</p><br>
<p>Colleoni Apartments, also known as Lincoln Park Lofts, (39-41 Lincoln Park) a once blighted seven-story hotel transformed into moderate-income housing that opened in 2008 after a multimillion-dollar top-to-bottom rehabilitation by Regan Development Corporation of Ardsley, New York, and now managed by The Michaels Organization of Marlton, New Jersey</p><br>
<p>Lincoln Park Towers (31-33 Lincoln Park), an 18-story low- and moderate-income senior living community in an historic highrise that was once The Medical Arts Building, a medical and surgical facility</p><br>
<p>Newark School of the Arts (89-91 Lincoln Park)</p><br>
<p>the Adelaide Sanford Charter School (51-53 Lincoln Park)</p><br>
<p>the Dryden Mansion, a center for non-profit organizations; and</p><br>
<p>The Newark Educators&#39; Community Charter School (17-19 Crawford Street), a charter school converted from a 150-year-old horse stable serving approximately 200 students in kindergarten through third grade. Almost all addresses surrounding Lincoln Park are dashed addresses.</p><br>
<p>Králický Sněžník or Śnieżnik Kłodzki  is a mountain in the Eastern Bohemia, located on the border between the Czech Republic and Poland. The name Sněžník or Śnieżnik derives from the word for "snow&quot the mountain has snow cover for up to eight months a year. In Czech the adjective Králický  is added to distinguish it from the mountain called Děčínský Sněžník . An alternative Polish name is Śnieżnik Kłodzki, from the town of Kłodzko. In German the mountain is known as Glatzer Schneeberg , Grulicher Schneeberg , or Spieglitzer Schneeberg .</p><br>
<p>The mountain is the highest peak of the Śnieżnik massif (called Králický Sněžník in Czech, Masyw Śnieżnika in Polish, Glatzer Schneegebirge in German). It lies between the town Králíky and the Kłodzko Gap that separates it from the Golden Mountains.</p><br>
<p>The massive was formed during the Tertiary. Sněžník lies on the water divide for the Black Sea (the Morava) and the Baltic Sea (the Nysa Kłodzka). Klepáč, the water divide for the Black Sea, the Baltic Sea, and the North Sea (the Lipkovský Stream) lies 7 km south of Sněžník.</p><br>
<p>Between 1899 and 1973 a stone view-tower stood on the Silesian side of the mountain top. A statue of a young elephant was put in place of a former chalet.</p><br>
<p>On the Czech side a state protected natural reservation (Národní přírodní rezervace Králický Sněžník ) was established in 1990. On the Polish side is the protected area of Śnieżnik Landscape Park.</p><br>
<p>The mountain and neighbouring areas are equipped for ski recreation.</p><br>
<h2>Photogallery</h2><br>
<p>Ngamba Island Chimpanzee Sanctuary was established in October 1998 to care for orphaned chimpanzees that have been rescued by the Uganda Wildlife Authority. Many of the chimpanzees were rescued from poachers and are unlikely to survive reintroduction to the wild.</p><br>
<p>Ngamba Island is 100 acres (approximately 40 hectares) of rainforest situated a short boat ride (23 km) away from Entebbe, near the Equator in Lake Victoria, Uganda. It supports a rich diversity of natural wildlife and provides a variety of natural foods for the chimpanzees.</p><br>
<p>The island is set up as an eco-friendly project with compost toilets, rainwater collection, proper waste management practices and solar energy for electricity and hot water.</p><br>
<p>The Sanctuary is a non-profit organisation which is co-ordinated and managed by the Chimpanzee Sanctuary & Wildlife Conservation Trust. CSWCT is a partnership with six organizations committed to the welfare and conservation of wildlife. The Trustees are:</p><br>
<p>Born Free Foundation</p><br>
<p>International Fund for Animal Welfare</p><br>
<p>Jane Goodall Institute</p><br>
<p>Uganda Wildlife Education Centre</p><br>
<p>Environmental Conservation Trust of Uganda (ECOTRUST)</p><br>
<p>Uganda Wildlife Society</p><br>
<p>The sanctuary is open all year round to visitors who pay a nominal entrance fee to view one or both of the chimpanzee feedings. Day and overnight visits (staying in luxury tents) are available and can be booked through the booking agent, Wild Frontiers Uganda.</p><br>
<p>Augusta Stone Church is a Presbyterian  place of worship located in Augusta County in the Commonwealth of Virginia, USA in the unincorporated community of Fort Defiance. The church was one of two meeting houses established by The Congregation of the Triple Forks of the Shenandoah in the year 1740. Augusta Stone and sister meeting house Tinkling Spring were both served by the Rev. John Craig.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The congregation was founded in 1740 by the Rev. John Craig, and a log meeting house was constructed 1/4-mile from the present stone church. The stone church which was intended to serve as both a meeting house and a fort against Native American raids; construction began in 1747 and was completed two years later. An old tale says there is a "secret passageway" in the ministers office that was meant for time of war. However, no member of the church has seen the alleged secret passageway, and there are no references to it in church records. In the early 1800s the small community near the church became known as Fort Defiance. The stone church has been in continuous use since 1749, making it the oldest Presbyterian house of worship in continuous use in Virginia. Two major additions were added to the rear of the church. The transepts in the sanctuary and a wing of rooms and offices were added in 1921-22, and a large social hall (called "John Craig Hall") and kitchen which were completed in 1956. The church has a museum on the property containing artifacts from the churchs early history.</p><br>
<p>The two cemeteries at the church contain the graves of Revolutionary and Civil War veterans. The museum houses the baptismal records of the Rev. John Craig from 1740-1749.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Augusta Stone Church is located on USA Route 11 (also known as the Lee Highway) adjacent to Fort Defiance High, Clymore Elementary, and Stuart Gordon Middle schools in the Shenandoah Valley, eight miles north of Staunton and 15 miles south of Harrisonburg in the small, unincorporated community of Fort Defiance, Virginia.</p><br>
<p>Yegoshikha , formerly Yagoshikha , is a river in Perm Krai, Russia, being the left tributary of the Kama. In spite of its relatively small size it is famous for its historical significance. It mainly flows along the east and west borders of the city of Perm. The source of the Yegoshikha river is in the forest area close to Lipovaya Gora and Vladimirskiy microdistricts. The river flows along the Yegoshikha ravine, which divides the left-bank  part of Perm city and is crossed by two dams and a bridge . On the banks of Yegoshikha there are a lot of country cottages, The South Cemetery and The Yegoshikha  Cemetery. The Yegoshikha flows into the Kama close to Perm&#39;s river port.</p><br>
<h2>Tributaries</h2><br>
<p>Ivanovka</p><br>
<p>Styx</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Yegoshikha rivers history has the earliest mention of a settlement in the territory of Perm city, being first described in the Prokopiy Elizarov census book in 1647. This settlement was later referred to as Yegoshikha Village. In 1723, after copper deposits were discovered there, the Yegoshikha Copper Factory was founded on its banks by Vasily Tatishchev, who was the then Chief Manager of all of the factories in the Ural region. The workers&#39; settlement later became the foundation of the city of Perm.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>The Yegoshikha runs along the borders of Perm city close to several industrial complexes and is being contaminated by industrial waste. In 1981, the Yegoshikha river was added to the list of Perm Regions small rivers which require water protection legislation&#39;.</p><br>
<p>Perhaps the most impressive peak in the Bugaboos, Bugaboo Spire sits between the Vowell and Crescent glaciers, just under 2 km West of the ACC&#39;s Conrad Kain hut. It has some of the most spectacular alpine climbing in Canada.</p><br>
<p>The Spire was first climbed by Conrad Kain in 1916.</p><br>
<h2>Routes</h2><br>
<p>Northeast Ridge (D-, 5.8)</p><br>
<p>Kain Route (PD+, 5.6) This route tackles the left-hand skyline in the east face photo as is commonly used as the descent route for all routes on the spire. After gaining the Bugaboo-Snowpatch col, 3rd class scrambling starts up the ridge following trails and cairns. As height is gained, the route sticks close to the ridge-crest but is always on the Kain Hut basin side of the peak. After a while, some low-5th-class chimneys are reached with a wide, flat ledge at the base. These are scaled in one long (~60m) pitch or two shorter ones; a rappel station exists halfway up. At the top, a section of 4th class ridge is traversed for about 150m to the base of the gendarme-pitches. There is a bolted station at a notch just after the 4th-class terrain. Two pitches (or one long one) from here start up the ridge crest, follow horizontal cracks on the right (east) side past a few old pitons and cross over the ridge to the west side near the top on a lower-angled slab. Cross the slab (with a small roof above it) and gain a corner, which leads to the left side of the gendarme (there is a bolted rappel station on the gendarme). From here, follow a ledge/gully system up left and then back right to the south summit. The descent is somewhat different: rappel from the south summit, then from the gendarme on the EAST side (not the way you came up) about 25m to a ledge. Scramble up to a notch between a flake and rappel about 20m diagonally to another station and another, similar rappel from which a few metres of scrambling gains the ridge at the beginning of the 4th class section. Traverse this to the one 60m or two 30m rappels down the chimneys. Retrace the ascent route from here, being careful to stay far enough skier&#39;s-right (despite trails and some cairns to the contrary).</p><br>
<h2>Nearby</h2><br>
<p>Conrad Kain hut</p><br>
<p>Snowpatch Spire</p><br>
<p>Pigeon Spire</p><br>
<p>Crescent Spire</p><br>
<p>The Będzin Castle is a castle in Będzin  in southern Poland. The stone castle dates to the 14th century, and is predated by a wooden fortification that was erected in the 11th century. It was an important fortification in the Kingdom of Poland and later, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The village of Będzin originated in the 9th century. The local wooden fort, that the records show existed as early as the 11th century, was destroyed during the Tatar invasion in 1241 and subsequently rebuilt.</p><br>
<p>During the reign of Casimir III the Great the castle received an upgrade from wooden fortress to a stone one, and the stone fort was operational as early as in 1348. The growing trading village of Bytom was given Magdeburg Law city rights shortly afterwards, in 1358.</p><br>
<p>The castle was meant to be a military outpost on the southwestern border of the Kingdom of Poland (later, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth). It was the most westward fortification, and was meant to hold off any invasion coming to Lesser Poland from Bohemian or Silesian lands. In 1364 the castle was visited by Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor. In 1588, Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria, was held prisoner in here, after his defeat in the War of the Polish Succession (1587–1588).</p><br>
<p>The castle fell into disrepair in the late 16th century. The fire of 1616 and damage during The Deluge in 1657 resulted in the further destruction. In 1807, the nearby lands were transferred to the Duchy of Warsaw, and in 1815, to the Congress Poland. In 1825 the castle was virtually falling apart, and when a piece of the stone crushed a passerby, demolition of the castle was ordered, but before it was started, the castle was declared a monument. In the 1830s the castle was bought by Count Edward Raczyński and partially rebuilt, with a Protestant church temporarily housed inside, but after Raczyński&#39;s death in 1845 plans to open an academy or a hospital there were abandoned, and the castle once again fell into disrepair.</p><br>
<p>The castle was not rebuilt again until the times of People&#39;s Republic of Poland, when in 1952–1956, a museum was opened there.</p><br>
<h2>Museum</h2><br>
<p>The castle became the site of a museum, Zagłębie Museum in 1956. The museum has several collections: one of armament, from medieval to World War II times; second dedicated to the history of the Będzin Castle; third to the castles of the other nearby castles founded by Casimir the Great (Eagle Nests Trail or Szlak Orlich Gniazd) and the final one, to the military history of the Będzin region.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The castle has two towers, a cylindrical one and a square one. Smaller buildings were attached to the towers. There were three layers of walls, and the castle was connected to the city walls, parts of which survived till today</p><br>
<p>The Khan&#39;s Palace or Hansaray is located in the town of Bakhchysarai, Crimea. It was built in the 16th century and became home to a succession of Crimean Khans. The walled enclosure contains a mosque, a harem, a cemetery, living quarters and gardens. The palace interior has been decorated to appear lived in and reflects the traditional 16th-century Crimean Tatar style. It is one of the best known Muslim palaces found in Europe, alongside Topkapı Palace, Dolmabahçe Palace, Yıldız Palace, Aynalıkavak Palace, Edirne Palace, Çırağan Palace in Turkey and the Alhambra in Spain.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The city of Bakhchisaray and the palace were commissioned by the Crimean Khan dynasty, who moved their capital here from Salaçıq in the first half of the 16th century. The palace&#39;s complex design and minarets were constructed in the 16th century by Ottoman, Persian and Italian architects. Later damages required partial reconstruction, but the structure still has a resemblance to its original form. Some buildings currently in the palace were attached later, while some of the original buildings could not stand past the 18th century.</p><br>
<h2>Bakhchisaray Fountain</h2><br>
<p>One courtyard contains a small fountain whose sad story so moved the Russian writer Alexander Pushkin when he visited it that he wrote a long narrative poem titled "The Fountain of Bakhchisaray".</p><br>
<p>Bakhchisaray Fountain or Fountain of Tears is a real case of life imitating art. The fountain is known as the embodiment of love of one of the last Crimean Khans, Qırım Giray Khan for his young wife, and his grief after her early death. The Khan was said to have fallen in love with this Polish girl in his harem. Despite his battle-hardened harshness, he was grievous and wept when she died, astonishing all those who knew him. He commissioned a marble fountain to be made, so that the rock would weep, like him, forever.</p><br>
<p>Originally placed by the young womans tomb in a restful garden, the fountain was transferred to its current location in the Ambassadors courtyard after Catherine II ordered the annexation of the Crimean territory. Pushkin&#39;s verses are credited in part for ensuring the survival of the palace itself to date.</p><br>
<h2>The Big Khan Mosque</h2><br>
<p>The Big Khan Mosque (Büyük Han Cami) is located on the Palace Square to the east of the northern gate. It is one of the largest mosques in the Crimea and one of the first buildings of the Khan&#39;s palace. The mosque was built in 1532 by Sahib I Giray and bore his name in the 17th century.</p><br>
<p>The mosque consists of a three-aisle square prayer hall covered with a hipped roof, a narthex and porticos facing east and west. Two symmetrical octagonal minarets rise through the porticos; they are twenty-eight meters high and have conical caps and finials. A domed ablution kiosk of square shape is attached to the northeastern corner of the mosque. It is believed that a madrasah built by Khan Arslan Giray in 1750 used to adjoin the eastern wall. The mosque is entered from a portal facing north. Inside, a balcony is attached to three of the four walls, part of which is sectioned off for the Khan&#39;s lodge. Scholars argue that the mosque was originally roofed with domes of various sizes.</p><br>
<p>In 1736 the mosque was damaged by fire and later restored during the reign of Khan Selameta Giray.</p><br>
<h2>Small Khan Mosque</h2><br>
<p>The Small Khan Mosque (Kiçik Han Cami) is located in the main building and was designed for members of the Khan&#39;s family and important dignitaries. Construction of the small mosque dates back to the 16th century, and paintings in the mosque are from the 17th and 18th centuries</p><br>
<p>In the south wall is the mihrab, the upper part of which is cut seven ornamented belts, symbolizing the seven levels of heaven. Above the mihrab is a stained glass window, which shows the seal of Suleiman (hexagram). On the walls of the small mosque are scratched images of boats with sails, horses and horsemen.</p><br>
<h2>Galleries</h2><br>
<p>The Hawley–Green Historical District is in the Near Northeast neighborhood of Syracuse, New York. The name comes from the district&#39;s two principal streets, Hawley Avenue and Green Street. As Hawley–Green Street Historic District, the district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Tucked away in a triangle that some refer to as the "LBJ" triangle, since its borders consist of Lodi Street, Burnet Avenue, and James Street, the major artery of Syracuse&#39;s northeastern neighborhoods, Hawley–Green was at first home to carpenters, wagon makers, silversmiths, painters, and musicians. Its original housing stock consisted of splendid Greek Revival, Gothic Revival, and Italianate-style structures, some of which still line its charming streets. By the late nineteenth century the neighborhood had attracted more upperclass types who replaced many of the original structures with Second Empire, Queen Anne, and the Stick Style homes. The arrival of the streetcar helped fuel this upscale transition. These newer residents were doctors, lawyers, dentists, politicians, and clergy.</p><br>
<h2>An LGBT-friendly neighborhood</h2><br>
<p>About forty of the residents of the neighborhood are members of the Hawley–Green LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, or Transgender) Neighbors. This neighborhood group promotes the neighborhood as LGBT-friendly.</p><br>
<p>Coricancha, Koricancha, Qoricancha or Qorikancha  was the most important temple in the Inca Empire.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Originally named Intikancha or Intiwasi, it was dedicated to Inti, and is located at the old Inca capital of Cusco. Mostly destroyed after the 16th century war with the Spanish conquistadors much of its stonework forms the foundation of the Santo Domingo church and convent.</p><br>
<p>Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui rebuilt Cusco and the House of the Sun, enriching it with more oracles and edifices, and adding plates of fine gold. He provided vases of gold and silver for the Mama-cunas, nuns, to use in the veneration services. Finally, he took the bodies of the seven deceased Incas, and enriched them with masks, head-dresses, medals, bracelets, sceptres of gold, placing them on a golden bench.</p><br>
<p>The walls were once covered in sheets of gold, and its adjacent courtyard was filled with golden statues. Spanish reports tell of its opulence that was "fabulous beyond belief". When the Spanish required the Inca to raise a ransom in gold for the life of the leader Atahualpa, most of the gold was collected from Coricancha.</p><br>
<p>The Spanish colonists built the Church of Santo Domingo on the site, demolishing the temple and using its foundations for the cathedral. Construction took most of a century. This is one of numerous sites where the Spanish incorporated Inca stonework into the structure of a colonial building. Major earthquakes severely damaged the church, but the Inca stone walls, built out of huge, tightly-interlocking blocks of stone, still stand due to their sophisticated stone masonry. Nearby is an underground archaeological museum, which contains numerous interesting pieces, including mummies, textiles, and sacred idols from the site. The site now also includes the Church and Convent of Santo Domingo.</p><br>
<h2>Images</h2><br>
<p>A man-made lake in the center of Lakewood Township, New Jersey, Lake Carasaljo was created in the mid-1700s when the South Branch of the Metedeconk River was dammed to provide power for a sawmill, which became known as Three Partners Mill. The lake was given its present name in 1865, when the town was renamed from Bergen Iron Works to Bricksburg.</p><br>
<p>Lake Carasaljo is named after the three daughters of the owner of the Bergen Iron Works, Joseph Woolston Brick, for whom Brick Township, New Jersey is named. His daughters were named Caroline (nicknamed Carrie), Sarah (Sally) and Josephine (Jo). Brick&#39;s wife Manetta lent her name to its sister lake, which was created when the Watering Place Branch was dammed in 1816.</p><br>
<p>Local legend is that the three girls drowned in the lake, which was subsequently named after them. Historical documents show the three girls were alive when the lake was named.</p><br>
<p>Another man-made lake, Lake Shenandoah, is also found along the same branch of the Metedeconk River and is part of the Ocean County, New Jersey Department of Parks and Recreation.</p><br>
<p>Georgian Court University, which is on the grounds of what was once an estate of George Jay Gould, is on the northern shore of the lake. The lake is bounded on the north side by North Lake Drive, on the south by South Lake Drive, and on the east by USA Route 9 (also known as River Road). It is separated from Lake Manetta by the Central Avenue Bridge.</p><br>
<p>Stożek Wielki   is a mountain on the border of Poland and the Czech Republic, in the Silesian Beskids mountain range. It reaches a height of 978 meters.</p><br>
<p>The border can be crossed on the top, which is in easy range of the town of Wisła. It has a characteristic conical shape and on its slopes grow beech and coniferous trees.</p><br>
<p>The mountain hut was built on the mountain from the initiative of Polskie Towarzystwo Turystyczne "Beskid" (Polish Touristic Society "Beskid"). It was opened on 9 July 1922. The main initiators of the construction were PTT activists Józef Londzin and Jan Galicz.</p><br>
<p>Stożek Wielki can be accessed by hiking trails from the nearby municipalities from both sides of the border. There is also a ski resort on the mountain, where skiers can reach using the chairlift.</p><br>
<p>Through a number of hiking routes it is possible to reach other summits such as Kubalonka, Czantoria Wielka, Soszów Wielki and towns, down into Wisła, Wisła-Głębce, Istebna, Jaworzynka and Jablunkov (Jabłonków).</p><br>
<p>The so-called Main Trail of the Beskids (Główny Szlak Beskidzki), the major hiking trail in the region, also crosses the top.</p><br>
<p>Lake Lubāns is a lake in Latvia . It is the biggest lake in Latvia.</p><br>
<p>The lake lies in the centre of the Eastern Latvian Lowland. It is a shallow drainage lake, fed by the Rēzekne, Malta, Malmuta and Lisinja rivers and several smaller brooks, with an outflow via the Aiviekste River into the Daugava River.</p><br>
<p>After damaging spring floods in 1926, several dams and ditches were constructed. The elevation of the lake is allowed to fluctuate between approximately 90 and 93 metres above sea level. At an elevation of 90.75 m the lake has an area of 25 km², increasing to about 100 km² at 92.75 m. In that stage it considered to be the biggest lake of Latvia.</p><br>
<p>Other small former lakes within the Lubanas basin have been artificially drained and the land used for agriculture.</p><br>
<p>Dobu Island is an island, part of D&#39;Entrecasteaux Islands in Papua New Guinea. It is located south of Fergusson Island and north of Normanby Island.</p><br>
<p>The people of Dobu were the subject of a seminal anthropological study by Reo Fortune. He described the Dobuan character as "paranoid", obsessed with black magic, and as having extremely unusual attitudes toward sex and violence.</p><br>
<p>Fortune&#39;s account was reiterated by Ruth Benedict in her popular work Patterns of Culture. However, many later anthropologists expressed skepticism.</p><br>
<p>Fortunes analysis was significantly challenged by Susanne Kuehling in her 2005 title Dobu: Ethics of Exchange on a Massim Island, Papua New Guinea. In particular, Kuehlings interest lies at the intersection of ethics and personal conduct.</p><br>
<p>The McCormick Distilling Company is a vodka distilling and alcoholic beverage importing company in Weston, Missouri. Opened originally by Benjamin J. Holladay in 1856 under the name Holladay Distillery, its distillery has been registered in the National Register of Historic Places and has been operating continuously at the same location longer than any other distillery in the United States. In addition to making its own products , the company is also an importer of products made elsewhere. The company&#39;s products primarily serve the non-premium/"value" segment of the liquor market.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The area for the distillery was chosen for the natural limestone springs that ran underground. After opening the Holladay Distillery in 1856, Benjamin J. Holladay went on to develop the Pony Express route to San Francisco as well as build steamships and railroad lines in western America. In 1860, Holladay turned the distillery over to his brother, Major David Holladay, who then ran the Distillery until 1894 when it was sold to George Shawhan and became the Shawhan Distillery. During the period of Prohibition in the United States, the distillery remained open by producing whisky for medicinal purposes. The distillery was sold to Isadore Singer in 1936, and was renamed as the Old Weston Distillery. Singer then purchased the McCormick brand name from a neighbouring plant at Waldron, Missouri, and renamed the distillery as the McCormick Distillery. In 1950, the company was purchased by Cloud Cray of Midwest Grain Products.</p><br>
<p>Business partners Ed Pechar and Mike Griesser then bought the company in 1992. Under Pechar and Griesser&#39;s ownership and management, McCormick Distilling expanded from 35 employees and $50 million in sales in 1992 to 186 employees and $150 million in sales in 2006. Griesser died in November, 2004. As of 2011, McCormick Distilling remains a privately held corporation owned by company chairman Ed Pechar, the estate of Mike Griesser, and a small group of employee partners who comprise the Board of Directors.</p><br>
<p>The McCormick distillery is included in the National Register of Historic Places. A substantial number of other distilleries are also recognized as historically significant in the National Register; however, the McCormick distillery has been operating continuously at the same location longer than any other distillery in the United States. Some historic distilleries are older, but have not been operated continuously at the same location due to the prohibition period or other reasons. For example, the Bombergers Distillery began operations in 1753 but no longer operates (most recently having been shut down in 1989), and the currently-operating facilities at the Buffalo Trace Distillery, the Woodford Reserve Distillery, the Makers Mark Distillery, and the Jack Daniels Distillery have all had some periods in history during which they ceased operations.</p><br>
<h2>Products</h2><br>
<p>Products distilled at the McCormick distillery:</p><br>
<p>McCormick Vodka: According to the company, McCormick Vodka is the #2 selling American vodka in the world. McCormick Vodka is also available in a variety of flavors including Apple, Watermelon, Raspberry, Grape, Sweet Tea, Blueberry, Cherry, Citrus, Orange and Peach.</p><br>
<p>360 Vodka: Marketed as "the planet&#39;s first eco-friendly vodka", the company says that various eco-efficiencies are incorporated into the production and sale of 360 Vodka to minimize its carbon footprint. The brand also comes in a variety of flavored expressions including 360 Madagascar Vanilla, 360 Cola, 360 Grape, 360 Mandarin Orange, 360 Sorrento Lemon, 360 Bing Cherry, 360 Georgia Peach, 360 Double Chocolate, and 360 Glazed Donut.</p><br>
<p>Products imported to the United States (and, in some cases, bottled) by McCormick:</p><br>
<p>McCormicks Irish Cream (imported from Ireland): McCormicks Irish cream liqueur is manufactured in Ireland (by third party agreement) using Irish spirits and cream. The brand itself is owned and managed by McCormick Distilling and the product is produced to its specifications.</p><br>
<p>Hussongs Reposado Tequila (imported from Mexico): Created in 1892 by Juan Hussong. Each distinct stone jug of Hussongs tequila carries a registration number and a signature by Ricardo Hussong.</p><br>
<p>Tarantula Liqueur (imported from Mexico): Tarantula is a tequila-based citrus liqueur that is available in four flavours: Azul, Strawberry, Reposado, and Plata.</p><br>
<p>Tequila Rose Liqueur (imported from Mexico): Tequila Rose is a tequila-based flavoured cream liqueur that is available in four flavours: Strawberry, Java, Chocolate, and Hot Rose (the Hot Rose flavour being added in August, 2011) with a unique plastic package. It is one of many cinnamon-infused liquors on the market. See Fireball and discussion therein.</p><br>
<p>Polar Ice Vodka (a Pernod Ricard product imported from Canada): Polar Ice is the largest selling Canadian vodka brand, and is described as being quadruple distilled and triple filtered.</p><br>
<p>Wisers Whisky (a Pernod Ricard product imported from Canada): Wisers Canadian whisky is claimed to be the top-selling family of whisky brands in Canada. Wisers is available in variations called Wisers De Luxe, Wisers Legacy, Wisers 18 Years Old, Wisers Small Batch, and Wisers Special Blend.</p><br>
<p>Montego Bay Rum (imported from the West Indies) Varieties include Montego Bay Light, Montego Bay Dark and Montego Bay Coconut, which is blended with a coconut liqueur</p><br>
<p>Ke-Ke Beach Liqueur (imported from the Netherlands): A cream liqueur with a key lime pie flavor.</p><br>
<h2>Awards</h2><br>
<p>360 Vodka has received awards for taste and innovation including the 2009 gold medal and 2008 bronze medal for best vodka at the San Francisco World Spirits Competition; a gold medal from the Beverage Tasting institute (2010), gold medal from the Los Angeles Wine and Spirits competition (2009) and a platinum medal from the SIP awards (2010) for 360 Double Chocolate.</p><br>
<p>McCormick&#39;s Irish Cream won the 2003 gold medal at the San Francisco World Spirits Competition and was voted the #1 Irish cream beverage by the Beverage Testing Institute.</p><br>
<p>Polar Ice (vodka) was awarded a double gold medal at World Spirits Competition in 2007 as well as a bronze medal by the Beverage Testing Institute 2008.</p><br>
<p>Hussong&#39;s won the 2006 Gold medal at the San Francisco World Spirits Championship.</p><br>
<h2>Green Initiatives</h2><br>
<p>In November 2007, the McCormick Distillery implemented a number of business practices that are asserted to be sustainable and environmentally friendly. An internal committee called the "Green Group" was established to improve environmental performance, increase operating efficiencies and energy savings, and heighten employee awareness and conservation. In the first year of the new green initiatives, 167 tons of material was recycled, with a participation rate of 88% among employees. To solidify the company&#39;s environmental commitment, McCormick Distilling partnered with the Environmental Protection Agency and Renewable Choice Energy.</p><br>
<p>Some of the environmental initiatives implemented at the distillery include:</p><br>
<p>Four-day work week - to reduce the number of cars on the road and associated fuel consumption commuting to and from the distillery</p><br>
<p>On-site air pumps for car tires so that employees can maintain their vehicles&#39; optimum fuel efficiency</p><br>
<p>On-site recycling</p><br>
<p>Preferred parking spaces reserved for employees who drive hybrid and/or electric vehicles to work</p><br>
<h3>360 Vodka</h3><br>
<p>As part of the companys green initiative, 360 Vodka was marketed as "the Planets first eco-friendly vodka". 360 Vodka is bottled using 85% recycled glass, 100% recycled paper and water-based UV inks. The grains used are grown less than 95 miles from the distillery to minimize the fossil-fuel consumption associated with transporting the grain. Consumers are allowed to return the bottle&#39;s swing-top closure to the company to be recycled, and for every top recycled, McCormick Distilling donates $1.00 to Global Green USA.</p><br>
<h3>Forest 360</h3><br>
<p>"Forest 360" is a campaign to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and greenhouse gasses that lead to global warming. With the assistance of the Missouri Department of Conservation, McCormick Distilling planted more than 200 indigenous trees on 40 acres of land surrounding the distillery and has invited business partners to do the same. Official participants of "Forest 360" include the Republic National Distributing Company, MGP ingredients, Hovey Williams I.P Law, J.B Thome and Co. Inc., Young&#39;s Market Company, Binder-Edelstein Company, Southern Wine and Spirits of Colorado, Fast Ireland Spirits.</p><br>
<h2>Marketing</h2><br>
<p>The company created and posted a series of cocktail how-to videos, distributed through social media networks like Facebook and YouTube.</p><br>
<p>In 2011, the 360 Vodka Virtual bartender application was launched to promote the concept of creating green cocktails.</p><br>
<h2>Collectible Decanters</h2><br>
<p>McCormick Distilling has produced a series of decanters which are sought after by collectors. Produced between 1968 and 1987, at least 175 decanters were released in collections, the most popular of which were forty different decanters featuring Elvis Presley at every phase in his career.</p><br>
<h3>Decanter Series</h3><br>
<p>Automotive and Transportation</p><br>
<p>Bicentennial series</p><br>
<p>Birds</p><br>
<p>Bulls</p><br>
<p>Confederate series</p><br>
<p>Elvis series</p><br>
<p>Entertainer series</p><br>
<p>Frontiersman series</p><br>
<p>Americans sGreat eries</p><br>
<p>Gunfighter series</p><br>
<p>Jugs</p><br>
<p>Lamp series</p><br>
<p>Pirate series</p><br>
<p>Shrine series</p><br>
<p>Sports and sports mascokts</p><br>
<p>Warrior series</p><br>
<p>King Arthur series</p><br>
<p>Miscellaneous.Evergreen Club. "McCormick Decanters Series" www.jimbeamclub.com.</p><br>
<p>May,2002.</p><br>
<h2>1996 Export Investigation</h2><br>
<p>From 1996 to 1999, the company sold nearly five million gallons of disguised grain alcohol to a freight forwarder operated by a Russian immigrant for eventual smuggling into Russia. The shipper was suspected of having ties to some of the most powerful mob clans in Russia.</p><br>
<p>The Tate House is a historic house museum at 1270 Westbrook Street, near the Fore River in the Stroudwater neighborhood of Portland, Maine, United States. The house, one of the oldest in Portland, was built in 1755 for George Tate, a former Royal Navy captain who was sent by a contractor to the Navy to oversee the felling and shipment of trees for use as masts. Because of the houses comparatively remote location away from central Portland, it  survived Portlands numerous fires intact. The house was designated a National Historic Landmark as a rare surviving example of a once-common colonial housing form, the clerestory gambrel roof. Since 1935 it has been a museum operated by the National Society of the Colonial Dames.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Tate House is set on a rise above the north bank of the Stroudwater River, shortly before it empties into the Fore River on the west side of Portland. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, five bays wide, with a large central chimney. Its unusual roof line has a basic two-stage gambrel form, except the steeper-pitched lower section is separated from the upper section by a bank of clerestory windows. This form, once common in northern New England, is only known to survive in one other building in Maine, the Burnham Tavern. The house is clad in unfinished clapboards. The interior has a typical center-chimney plan, with a narrow vestibule and winding stair at the front. The first floor is otherwise divided into three rooms: living room/parlor to the right, dining room to the left, and a large kitchen extending across the back. The second floor has three bedrooms, and the third has two more. The public rooms of the house feature high-quality Georgian carved paneling, which is believed to have been brought over from England.</p><br>
<p>In 2014, an archaeological dig at the Tate House found significant wares from the 1750s to 1780s. Pieces of 1750s salt-glazed stoneware, 1760s creamware and 1780s pearlware were discovered. Also found was a white piece of porcelain with tiny brass fears. The dig occurred prior to work beginning on repairing the drainage system. The drainage problem, which funnels water into the basement, creates a significant amount of moisture and poses a threat to the rest of the house. The drainage repair issue will cost $10,000 to $12,000.</p><br>
<p>Saint Mary&#39;s Basilica, officially named The Church of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Phoenix, was founded in 1881 and staffed by the Franciscan Friars since 1895.</p><br>
<p>The church was completed in 1914, dedicated in 1915, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places as St. Marys Church in 1978. The oldest Roman Catholic parish in the greater Phoenix, Arizona, area, it was the only Roman Catholic parish in Phoenix until 1924 and is home to Arizonas largest stained glass windows collection.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The church&#39;s Mission Revival–Spanish Colonial Revival structure supports four domes spanning the length of the Basilica. All the domes are compound design with the pendentives, following Roman architecture, transferring the weight of the roof to the pillars. The dome over the intercept point of the crossover, the nave center aisle and the apse, is topped with stained glass and features a lantern above the dome to emit light into the nave and sanctuary. The dome located over the altar is topped with a cupola designed to provide light to the altar.</p><br>
<h2>Basilica</h2><br>
<p>Pope John Paul II elevated St. Marys to a minor basilica before his visit to Phoenix in 1987. St. Marys became the 32nd basilica in the United States and remains the only basilica in Arizona. The church, a Phoenix Points of Pride, is located at the northeast corner of North 3rd Street and Monroe in downtown Phoenix, a carillon of the burgeoning Copper Square. Mass is celebrated every day of the week.</p><br>
<h2>Gallery of St. Mary's Basilica</h2><br>
<p>The Henry B. Plant Museum is located in the south wing of Plant Hall on the University of Tampa’s campus, at 401 West Kennedy Boulevard. Plant Hall was formerly known as the Tampa Bay Hotel, which was a 511-room resort hotel opened on February 5, 1891 by Henry B. Plant near the terminus of his rail line. The museums exhibits focus on Gilded Age tourism, the elite lifestyle of the hotels guests, and the building&#39;s use during the Spanish–American War. It was designed by architect J.A. Wood who also created the old Hillsborough County Courthouse and the Oglethorpe Hotel.</p><br>
<p>The museum is open to the public every day except Monday and major holidays. During the Christmas holiday season, the museum hosts the annual Victorian Christmas Stroll.</p><br>
<p>The entire building (under the title of Tampa Bay Hotel) is a USA National Historic Landmark, designated as such on December 5, 1972. On April 18, 2012, the AIA&#39;s Florida Chapter placed the building on its list of Florida Architecture: 100 Years. 100 Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Tampa Bay Hotel</h3><br>
<p>The Tampa Bay Hotel was built by railroad magnate Henry B. Plant between 1888 and 1891. The construction cost over 3 million dollars. It was considered the premier hotel of the eight that Mr. Plant built to anchor his rail line. The hotel itself covers 6 acre and is a quarter-mile long. It was equipped with the first elevator ever installed in Florida. The elevator is still working today, making it one of the oldest continually operational elevators in the nation. The 511 rooms and suites were the first in Florida to have electric lights and telephones. Most rooms also included private bathrooms, complete with a full-size tub. The price for a room ranged from $5.00 to $15.00 a night at a time when the average hotel in Tampa charged $1.25 to $2.00. The poured-concrete, steel-reinforced structure of the building was advertised as fireproof.</p><br>
<p>The grounds of the hotel spanned 150 acre and included a golf course, bowling alley, racetrack, casino and an indoor heated swimming pool. In all, 21 buildings could be found on the hotels campus. The Moorish Revival architectural theme was selected by Mr. Plant because of its exotic appeal to the widely traveled Victorians who would be his primary customers. The hotel has six minarets, four cupolas, and three domes. In the early 90s, all were restored to their original stainless steel state.</p><br>
<p>From 1889 to 1891 Plant scoured Europe collecting objects to lavishly decorate the hotel. Art arrived “by the trainload.” Despite the size of the hotel, the purchases he made overflowed the place, and the surplus had to be disposed of at auction. Much of the original art and furnishings has been removed, but the wing conserved as a museum contains “a bewildering assortment of rococo bronzes, furniture, clocks, tapestries, paintings, and vases, one vase being a gift from the Emporer of Japan.”</p><br>
<p>During its operating period from 1891 to 1930, the hotel housed thousands of guests, including hundreds of celebrities. When the Spanish–American War broke out, Plant convinced the United States military to use his hotel as a base of operations. Generals and high-ranking officers stayed in its rooms to plan invasion strategies, while enlisted men encamped on the hotel’s acreage. Colonel Teddy Roosevelt and his Rough Riders also were at the hotel during this time. Roosevelt retained a suite, and during the day led his men in battle exercises on the property. Other visitors of note during the hotel’s heyday were Sarah Bernhardt, Clara Barton, Stephen Crane, the Prince of Wales, Winston Churchill, Ignacy Paderewski. Babe Ruth was also a guest of the hotel during its latter days, and signed his first baseball contract in the Grand Dining Room. In 1919, Ruth hit his longest home run (and possibly the longest ever hit in official competition) during a spring training game at Plant Field, adjacent to the hotel.</p><br>
<h2>Closing and renewal</h2><br>
<p>The Tampa Bay Hotel closed in 1930 as the Great Depression severely curtailed tourism. It remained empty and unused for three years. In late 1933, the Tampa Bay Junior College was allowed to move into the hotel, using the old suites as classrooms and offices. Because of the large amount of space afforded by the hotel, the scope of the junior college was expanded, becoming the University of Tampa. The Tampa Municipal Museum was established by the city to preserve the hotel in its original form and co-exist with the newly established University. In 1941, the city of Tampa signed a 99-year lease with the University of Tampa for $1.00 a year. The lease excluded the southeast wing of the building to allow for the housing of the museum. In 1974, the Tampa Municipal Museum was renamed the Henry B. Plant Museum.</p><br>
<h2>Recent</h2><br>
<p>Today, besides serving as offices and classrooms for the University of Tampa, the entire south wing of the building is dedicated to preserving the glory days of the old Tampa Bay Hotel. Various rooms in the wing display authentic artifacts from the old hotel, many of which were purchased by Mr. and Mrs. Plant themselves on various European shopping trips. Guided tours and a self-guided tour that starts with a video entitled The Tampa Bay Hotel: Florida&#39;s First Magic Kingdom, showcase a life of leisure in old Florida.</p><br>
<h3>Programs for Lifelong Learning</h3><br>
<p>Picnic in the Park is a program where adults and families can simply relax on the lawns or try their hand at Victorian games, such as horseshoes, badminton, and croquet. Interpreters are present in traditional Victorian costumes and there is live entertainment on the Center Stage. Upstairs/Downstairs is a live theatre program that teaches visitors about the early years of the Tampa Bay Hotel. These presentations are given by characters talking about their experiences. Characters are based either wholly or in part on actual guests or staff of the hotel. Music in the Museum is a live music series, serving as a throwback to days when the hotel featured daily concerts. The museum occasionally holds antiques evaluations, similar to what you might see on Antiques Roadshow. First Fridays is a program that occurs monthly, where admission to the museum is free, and visitors can enjoy a tasting table and live jazz music.</p><br>
<h3>Special exhibitions</h3><br>
<p>The museum also hosts special exhibitions, in 2015 it is hosting Passionate Design: The American Arts & Crafts Movement, a special exhibition of material from the collection of the Museum of the American Arts and Crafts Movement, now under construction in St. Petersburg, Florida.</p><br>
<h3>Partnerships</h3><br>
<p>The Plant Museum is a part of the Tampa Downtown Partnership, which serves the downtown community through initiatives such as developing greater transportation to make downtown more accessible and keeping downtown clean.</p><br>
<h3>Accreditation</h3><br>
<p>The museum is accredited by the American Alliance of Museums.</p><br>
<h2>Plant Park and hotel grounds</h2><br>
<p>The hotel once featured many attractions, most located in what is now known as Plant Park. Today, as part of both the University of Tampas campus and the museums grounds, several can still be seen. At the entrance to the park is the "Henry Bradley Plant Memorial Fountain," commissioned by Margaret Plant in 1899 after her husbands death. The fountain title is Transportation, and reflects Mr. Plants system of trains and ships with carved representations of each on the sculpture. The fountain was carved from solid stone by George Grey Barnard, and is the oldest public art in the city of Tampa. It was completely conserved in 1995.</p><br>
<p>Facing the Hillsborough River near the University of Tampa&#39;s library are two historic cannon from Fort Brooke, the early 19th century military post (established 1824) around which Tampa developed. The two guns are model 1819 iron 24-pounder seacoast guns, and were originally part of a three-gun Confederate battery guarding Tampa Bay during the Civil War. On May 6, 1864, a Union naval raiding party captured Fort Brooke and, before withdrawing the next day, disabled the three heavy cannon by blowing one trunnion off of each (trunnions are the side projections on which cannon pivot to elevate or depress). This damage is still evident on the two Plant Park guns today.</p><br>
<p>In the 1890s, Henry Plant moved two of the long-abandoned cannon from the site of the old fort to the grounds of his new Tampa Bay Hotel, placing them in a small earthwork revetment as a curiosity for the hotels guests. Later the guns were placed on plinths made of coquina blocks. Recently Tampas Rough Riders civic group remounted the Fort Brooke cannon on replica gun carriages in a new stone revetment in Plant Park. The lost third Fort Brooke cannon was for many years a lawn decoration at 901 Bayshore Boulevard, but was donated to a World War II scrap metal drive on October 9, 1942.</p><br>
<p>Facing Kennedy Boulevard in Plant Park is another historic cannon, this one an impressive turn-of-the-century coast defense gun. It memorializes the important part Tampa played in the 1898 Spanish–American War, and symbolically points south towards Cuba. The inscription on the cannon&#39;s monumental base describes it as an eight-inch (203 mm) gun on a "disappearing carriage" taken from Fort Dade, an old coastal defense fort located on Egmont Key at the mouth of Tampa Bay. The true story is a bit more complicated.</p><br>
<p>The original Fort Dade gun described on the base was emplaced in Plant Park in November 1927, but was donated to a steel scrap drive during World War II. Following the war, an eight-inch (203 mm) cannon of similar vintage was obtained from Fort Morgan, Alabama and installed on the 1927 memorial&#39;s vacant plinth. The new gun is mounted on the top portion of a 1918 railway gun carriage dating from World War I rather than the "disappearing carriage" of the original Fort Dade cannon.</p><br>
<p>Plant Park once housed a small zoo located along Biology Creek, a stream that runs down part of the park. The creek is fed from an underground spring that comes up beneath the hotel and empties a few hundred yards away into the Hillsborough River. In its heyday, the zoo contained a bear and an alligator, plus many smaller animals. It was famous for its hundreds of squirrels and small lizards, which are still on campus. The bear and alligator were eventually moved up river and became the core attractions for what is now the Lowry Park Zoo. The creek&#39;s name derives from a later period in its history, when students from the university used its water to conduct various biology experiments.</p><br>
<p>Finally, a statue called Au Coup de Fusil, meaning,The Shot (as in gunshot or rifle shot), can be found right outside the hotel. These two bronze hounds represent two fine pointers being alerted by the sound of a gunshot. They were sculpted by famed canine sculptor Eglantine Lemaître (French, 1852-1920) and were cast in France by Maurice Denonvilliers in 1890. Originally, they faced south rather than north, and their rapt attention was focused on a small bronze squirrel placed in a low hanging oak limb. However, this was a misinterpretation of the piece, as evidenced by the hounds attention being diverted in different directions. The squirrel eventually was stolen and the dogs were moved to their current location. Supposedly the two dogs represent Mr. Plants personal favorite hunting dogs, and the hotel itself had kennels stocked with hunting dogs for guests use on hunting expeditions.</p><br>
<p>The Friends of Plant Park (FoPP) is a Florida non-profit corporation with the mission to (a) assist with the restoration, preservation and maintenance of The Henry B. Plant Park, Tampa, Florida, as a botanical garden open to the general public, (b) research and publicize the Victorian history of The Henry B. Plant Park, and (c) educate the public and cultivate community interest in and support for the foregoing activities. This group was formed in 1993.</p><br>
<p>Since 1997 the FoPP has hosted the annual GreenFest activities in Henry B. Plant Park to raise money. To date those funds, along with contributions from individuals, organizations, the City of Tampa, and Hillsborough County, have allowed for the restoration of and new exhibit of the cannons, the Victorian star-shaped garden bed, and a replica of the 112 foot flagpole with a 12X18-foot replica of the 45-star American flag (1891). The original flagpole was probably a ships mast and a Florida state flag and a University of Tampa flag will fly from the replicas crossbars.</p><br>
<p>Serranía de la Macarena is an isolated mountain range located in the Meta Department, Colombia. The mountains are separated by about 40 km at their northern extreme from the East Andes. The range is orientated from north to south and is 120 km in length and 30 km wide. The highest peak  reaches 2,615 m and is the highest point of the Orinoquía Region. The first national reserve in Colombia was established in the central part of the mountain range in accordance with a Congressional Law promulgated in 1948. The status of National Natural Park was designated in 1971 and the protected area encompasses 6,200 km&sup2;.</p><br>
<h2>Biodiversity</h2><br>
<p>The national park encompasses the ecologically unique meeting point for the flora and fauna of the Amazon, Orinoco and Andes regions. The area is of tropical climate and temperatures range from 42 °F (5.5 °C) to 88 °F (31 °C). These aspects help to maintain a high level of biodiversity with numerous endemic and rare species.</p><br>
<p>The ecosystems found within the park include rainforest, dry forest, shrublands and savanna. The mountains are home to around 50 known species of orchids, and botanists studying the area have identified more than 2000 other species of plants.</p><br>
<p>Mammal species include anteaters, jaguars, cougars, deer, 8 species of monkeys</p><br>
<p>There are recorded 550 species of birds including the rare gray-legged tinamou.</p><br>
<p>100 species of reptiles</p><br>
<p>1,200 species of insects and</p><br>
<h2>Ecotourism</h2><br>
<p>The La Macarena National and Ecological Reserve Park is internationally known for the Caño Cristales, known by people who has visited it as one of the most beautiful rivers in the world.</p><br>
<p>There are also other important waterfalls such as Angostura I in the Guayabero and Caño Cafre rivers, surrounded by rocky edges with a great amount of petroglifos. Many waterfalls, as is the case of El Gato or Sopla Culos area difficult to spot due to the steep topography. Not the case of Canoas, which is one of the highest waterfalls in the Sierra</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Basement rocks on the east side of the Macarenas include the Precambrian granite of the Guyana Shield in the Guaviare River valley and the San Jose del Guaviare area. The rocks of the shield are overlain by sandstones and conglomerates of the Vaupes Formation of Lower Paleozoic to the lower Oligocene age.</p><br>
<p>Simushir , meaning Large Island in Ainu, is an uninhabited volcanic island near the center of the Kuril Islands chain in the Sea of Okhotsk in the northwest Pacific Ocean. It was formerly known as Marikan.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>At the time of European contact, Simushir was inhabited by the Ainu. The island appears on an official map showing the territories of Matsumae Domain, a feudal domain of Edo period Japan dated 1644, and these holdings were officially confirmed by the Tokugawa shogunate in 1715. Russian explorer Gerasim Izmailov was marooned on Simushir in the early 1770s. He spent a full year subsisting on "scallops, grass, and roots". Sovereignty initially passed to Russia under the terms of the Treaty of Shimoda, but was returned to the Empire of Japan per the Treaty of Saint Petersburg along with the rest of the Kuril islands. The island was formerly administered as part of Shimushiru District of Nemuro Subprefecture of Hokkaidō. Settlers on the island were engaged in fishing, and the raising of Arctic fox and reindeer. During World War II, the civilian population was evacuated to the Japanese home islands and Simushir was garrisoned by a detachment from the Imperial Japanese Army. It was surrendered to Soviet forces during the Battle of the Kuril Islands without resistance.</p><br>
<p>Under the Soviet Union, Brouton Bay was used by the Soviet Navy as a secret submarine base between 1987 and 1994, and had a population of approximately 3000 people. The remains of the base can be seen clearly on satellite images.</p><br>
<p>Today the island is uninhabited. It is now administered as part of the Sakhalin Oblast of the Russian Federation.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Simushir is highly elongated, consisting of a series of stratovolcanos. The island has a length of 59 km with a width of 13 km, and an area of 227.6 km&sup2;. At the north end of the island is a half-submerged caldera, Brouton Bay, with an entrance only 2.5 meters deep, plunging to 240 meters in the center.</p><br>
<p>Urataman (Уратаман, 三日月山, Mikazuki Yama), 878 m high and overlooking Brouton Bay, is the northernmost stratovolcano of the island. Further south are:</p><br>
<p>Prevo (влк. Прево, 新知富士, Shimushiru Fuji), with a height of 1,360 m. The peak erupted in the early 19th century, forming a symmetrical cone with a resemblance to Mount Fuji. On the summit is a 450 × 600 meter wide summit crater with a small caldera lake on its floor. Lava flows from the summit reach both coasts of central Simushir. Only two eruptions are known from Prevo Peak in historical times. The largest of these, during the 1760s, produced pyroclastic flows that destroyed all vegetation at the foot of the volcano. Weak explosive activity occurred during the most recent eruption, in the early 19th century.</p><br>
<p>Zavaritzki (Вулкан Заварицкого, 緑湖カルデラ, Midoriko Karudera), with a height of 624 m, and a 2 × 3 kilometer fresh water caldera lake. Several young cones and lava domes are located near the margins the lake. A lava dome created in the 1916 and 1931 eruptions formed a small island in the northern part of the lake. In 1957, a new 350 meter wide, 40 meter high lava dome was created following explosive eruptions, decreasing the size of the lake.</p><br>
<p>Milna (Мильна, 新知岳, Shimushiru Dake), with a height of 1,540 m, is the highest point on the island. This volcano erupted in 1881 and in 1914. The outer flanks of the steep-sided mountain are dissected by deep gullies, with lava flows extending to the sea. The three kilometer wide caldera was breached to the south due to glaciations.</p><br>
<p>Goriaschaia Sopka (Горящая Сопка, 焼山; Yake Yama), with a height of 891 m, is on the southwest end of the island. This volcano erupted in 1881 and in 1914.</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>In spite of its temperate latitude, the powerful Oyashio Current on the western flank of the Aleutian Low gives Simushir a chilly and very wet subarctic climate (Köppen Dfc) that amazingly almost qualifies as a polar climate (ET), which in low-lying areas would be expected only at latitudes about 20 degrees or 2,200 km further north. Unlike typical subarctic or polar climates, however, the winters are only moderately severe and there is no permafrost since the mean annual temperature is around 2.8 &deg;C, whilst temperatures have never fallen below −22.2 &deg;C. However, the extreme winds, which in winter average as much as 43 km/h, make it feel much colder. Summers are mild, but extraordinarily cloudy with fogs occurring on six-sevenths of all days in summer and annual sunshine hours less than 1,100 per year, which is comparable to Reykjavík or the extremely foggy Sichuan Basin. Sunshine is actually most likely in the wettest months of September and October when the heavy rain removes the low-level fog, but clear days are extremely rare at any time of year.</p><br>
<h2>Fauna</h2><br>
<p>In the spring crested and least auklet, Leach&#39;s storm petrel, and Japanese cormorant nest on the island.</p><br>
<p>Shiashkotan ;  is an uninhabited volcanic island near the center of the Kuril Islands chain in the Sea of Okhotsk in the northwest Pacific Ocean, separated from Ekarma by the Ekarma Strait. Its name is derived from the Ainu language, from “Konbu village”.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Shiashkotan is roughly dumbbell shaped, formed by two volcanic islands joined together by a narrow landspit. The island has a total length of 25 km with a width ranging from 9 km at its widest point to 0.9 km at its narrowest, and an area of 122 km&sup2;. Both ends of the island are complex stratovolcanos, and landing is possible only on the sandy isthmus.</p><br>
<p>Pik Sinarka (влк. Синарка; 黒岳; Kurodake), which rises to 934 m above sea level occupies the northern end of the island, and is the island’s highest point. Historical eruptions have occurred at Sinarka during 1825–1750, 1846, 1855, and the last and largest from 1872 to 1878. To the east from this volcano is located interesting geothermal field - North-Western solfatara field with more than 100 fumaroles and several hot, geyser-like springs which erupt water up to 1.5 m high.</p><br>
<p>Pik Kuntomintar -(влк.Китаио; 北硫黄岳; Kitaiō-dake), occupies the southern end of the island. A central cone fills a 4-4.5 kilometer diameter caldera, and there is a second caldera on the west side which is breached to the west. The only known postglacial activity of Kuntomintar is continuous fulmarole activity near the east wall of the inner caldera and a nearby hot sulfur spring.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Shiashkotan was inhabited by the Ainu, who subsided off of hunting and fishing at the time of European contact. The island appears on an official map showing the territories of Matsumae Domain, a feudal domain of Edo period Japan dated 1644, and these holdings were officially confirmed by the Tokugawa shogunate in 1715. Subsequently, claimed by the Empire of Russia, sovereignty initially passed to Russia under the terms of the Treaty of Shimoda. During an eruption of 1872, Russian authorities recorded that 13 inhabitants died; however, when the island was returned to the Empire of Japan per the Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1875) along with the rest of the Kuril islands, no inhabitants remained as they had chosen to move north to Kamchatka, which remined under the Russian jurisdiction. The island was formerly administered as part of Shimushu District of Nemuro Subprefecture of Hokkaidō. In 1893, a settlement was attempted by nine members of the Chishima Protective Society led by Gunji Shigetada; however, when a ship called on the island a year later, five of the colonists had already died, and the remaining four were critically ill with beri-beri.</p><br>
<p>After World War II, the island came under the control of the Soviet Union, and is now administered as part of the Sakhalin Oblast of the Russian Federation.</p><br>
<p>Raikoke , also spelled Raykoke, is an uninhabited volcanic island near the centre of the Kuril Islands chain in the Sea of Okhotsk in the northwest Pacific Ocean, 16 km across Golovnin Strait from Matua. Its name is derived from the Ainu language, from “hellmouth”.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Raikoke is roughly circular, with a length of 2.5 km with a width of 2.0 km, and an area of 4.6 km&sup2;. The island is a stratovolcano which rises above a submarine terrace with a depth of 130 metres to a maximum height of 551 m above sea level. The steep-walled crater is 700 metres wide and 200 meters deep, and lava flows extend along the eastern half of the island. The volcano erupted explosively in 1778, destroying the upper third of the island. The volcano remains active, erupting strongly again in 1924.</p><br>
<h2>Fauna</h2><br>
<p>Raikoke is one of five major Steller sea lion rookeries on the Kuril Islands and in the spring and summer it is home to one of the largest northern fulmar aggregations on the Kurils; crested and parakeet auklet, pigeon guillemot, and black-legged kittiwake also nest on the island. Captain Henry James Snow reported that in 1883 some 15,000 northern fur seals inhabited the island. However, by the 1890s only "a few scores" were recorded captured there, almost certainly due to overexploitation by fur hunters. Currently no fur seals reproduce on Raikoke.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Raikoke was visited by hunting and fishing parties of the Ainu, but there was no permanent habitation at the time of European contact. The island appears on an official map showing the territories of Matsumae Domain, a feudal domain of Edo period Japan dated 1644, and these holdings were officially confirmed by the Tokugawa shogunate in 1715. It was subsequently claimed by the Empire of Russia; sovereignty initially passed to Russia under the terms of the Treaty of Shimoda, but was returned to the Empire of Japan per the Treaty of Saint Petersburg along with the rest of the Kuril islands.</p><br>
<p>The island was formerly administered as part of Shimushu District of Nemuro Subprefecture of Hokkaidō.</p><br>
<p>After World War II, it came under the control of the Soviet Union, and is now administered as part of the Sakhalin Oblast of the Russian Federation.</p><br>
<p>Koolan Island is an island off the Kimberley coast of Western Australia in the Buccaneer Archipelago. It is about 1,900 km north of Perth, and about 130 km north of Derby. It holds deposits of high-grade iron ore.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The island is approximately 12 km in length along an east–west axis and approximately 3 km at its widest point along a north–south axis. It encompasses an area of approximately 2,200 hectare. The island is only 1 km offshore, with a smaller island, Round Island, between Koolan and the mainland.</p><br>
<p>Composed of Precambrian quartzite sandstone, the island has a rugged dissected terrain with jointed gorge forming narrowly valley drainage channels. The ridges have thin stony sandy soils. The highest point of the island is at 168 m.</p><br>
<h2>BHP era</h2><br>
<p>BHP commenced open-pit mining operations on Koolan and neighbouring Cockatoo Island in the late 1940s and by 1963 had established substantial mining operations there. The Koolan Island mine closed in 1994 after BHP had extracted 68 million tonnes of high-grade haematite ore, averaging 67% iron.</p><br>
<p>At its peak, Koolan Island had a population of 950 people and had a school, police station, recreation facilities and shops. It had the worlds then-longest golf course hole &mdash; an 860 yards par 7 number 6 which doubled as the islands air strip.</p><br>
<p>Major rehabilitation of the island was undertaken since the mine closure, with buildings and exotic vegetation removed. Extensive replanting of native species has been undertaken.</p><br>
<h2>Mine</h2><br>
<p>When BHP ceased mining operations on the island in 1993 they flooded the Main Pit to the ocean by blasting part of the hanging wall. This has meant that the pit has been filled with approximately 10 billion litres of sea water, with a significant marine eco-system forming within the bounds of the former working pit. Due to the dense nature of the marine fauna within the Main Pit, Mount Gibson Iron plan to utilise numerous substantial blasts within the water filled pit in order to extract all marine creatures before dewatering operations are commenced. A Seawall will then be built around the ocean side of the pit in order to keep the ocean out. The pit will subsequently be dewatered in order to allow the rich ore reserves to be mined once again.</p><br>
<p>Earlier, in April 2006, the company signed a co-existence agreement with the Dambimangari (Dambima-Ngardi) indigenous Australian traditional owners of the island. The agreement aims to ensure that 3% of the 220 person workforce is filled by indigenous people by the eighth year</p><br>
<p>of operation.</p><br>
<p>A third island nearby, Irvine Island is also being considered for mining operations.</p><br>
<p>On 18 August 2006, Aztec announced that it had signed orders with the Chinese group CITIC for 1.5 million tonnes of ore from 2007.</p><br>
<h2>Aircraft crash</h2><br>
<p>On 23 December 1984, a single-engined Cessna 210 aircraft, which had just taken off from the island en route to Broome, struck power lines and somersaulted. Six people were killed.</p><br>
<p>It appears the aircraft may have been overloaded with passengers and fuel at the time. The plane took off with the wind from the south across the strip rather than over the ocean and submarine rock. The gravel strip at the time had been affected by a cyclone in the area on the previous days.</p><br>
<h2>Footnotes</h2><br>
<p>Ampato  is a dormant 6,288 m stratovolcano in the Andes of southern Peru, about northwest of Arequipa. It is part of a 20 km north-south chain of three major stratovolcanoes, including the extinct and eroded 6,025 m volcano Hualca Hualca at the northern end and the active 5,976 m cone of Sabancaya in the middle.</p><br>
<p>In September 1995, the rapidly retreating glacier near the summit of Ampato revealed the frozen mummified body of an Inca girl, killed by a blow to the head about 500 years ago. The mummy, later called the "Ice Maiden" and nicknamed "Juanita", was recovered by an expedition led by American archaeologist Dr. Johan Reinhard. In October 1995 and December 1997, Reinhard and Peruvian archaeologist Jose Antonio Chavez directed expeditions that led to the recovery of three further mummies above 5,800 m.</p><br>
<p>Mount Pilchuck is a mountain located in Snohomish County, Washington. It is 57 mi northeast of Seattle. It is part of the Cascade Range.</p><br>
<p>Mount Pilchuck is located within Mount Pilchuck State Park, but the area surrounding the mountain, including the trailhead, are within the Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest. The Lushootseed name for the mountain is bəlalgʷa. Under agreement, the trail leading to the summit is wholly maintained by the United States Forest Service, even though it is within a state park. This is one of the most popular trails in the region due to easy access, and panoramic views of the Cascade range to the east,</p><br>
<p>and the Puget Sound to the west.</p><br>
<p>At Mount Pilchuck&#39;s summit is an old fire lookout, now used as shelter for hikers. This former lookout is jointly maintained by Washington State Parks and the Everett branch of The Mountaineers.</p><br>
<p>Some years the trail to the summit is still covered with snow until late in the summer.</p><br>
<p>Little Cedar Grove Baptist Church was organized in 1797 by some of the early Primitive Baptist settlers of Franklin County, Indiana. The historic church building, constructed in 1812, is the oldest church in the state of Indiana still standing on its original foundation.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>Organization</h2><br>
<p>The church was organized by Primitive Baptists, who came from Virginia via Kentucky in 1797. with Elder William Tyner and his family. They organized the Little Cedar Grove Baptist Church, the first church in the Whitewater River Valley. The members built a log church as early as 1805, about two or three miles southeast of Brookville, Indiana. In 1812 they built a large brick church, with balcony, and rifle ports. It is the oldest church building standing on its original site in Indiana. It is open as a historic site. Little Cedar also has a small cemetery where some of the early settlers were buried.</p><br>
<p>The Big Cedar Baptist Church and Burying Ground on Big Cedar Creek Road, between the road to Reily and the Oxford Pike was an arm or branch of the Little Cedar Grove Baptist Church.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>The church group had organized several years before building a permanent building. In December 1811 the New Madrid earthquake occurred the church members took it as a sign of judgment for their failure to build a proper church. Rev. Allen Wiley, a circuit rider of the church, said "The people ran to and fro, called for prayer meetings, exhorted each other to do good deeds and repent of sins as if Judgment Day was at hand. Then they met in solemn conclave and made a covenant with the almighty that if he would send no more earthquakes, they would build Him a church". The congregation then quickly proceeded to build a large brick church. The new church building was finished on August 1 of 1812.</p><br>
<p>Jbel Ayachi  is one of the highest mountains in North Africa, and anchors the Eastern High Atlas in central Morocco. Jbel Ayachi rises to a height of 3,757 m above sea level.</p><br>
<p>This mountain area provides a habitat to the bearded vulture.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Rather than denoting a single peak, Jbel Ayachi refers to a mountainous massif more than 20 kilometers in diameter. Conceptually a ring, the Ayachi region harbors a seasonal lake at its center and is surrounded by peaks and passes that often surpass 3000 m in elevation.</p><br>
<p>During the 20th century, American climbers erected a large metal cone to mark the peak. Jbel Ayachi&#39;s second-highest peak is located in the southeast.</p><br>
<p>Despite its proximity to the Sahara Desert, the peaks of Ayachi remain snow-covered and cold late into the year. Snow remains on most of the peaks until late May or early June, and in a few sheltered spots may survive the entire summer.</p><br>
<p>The government of Morocco published accurate topographical maps of the region in 1968, including contours, peaks, and some of the paths and springs. This can be purchased from the Division de Cartographie in major Moroccan cities. The Ayachi region is covered by the maps of the Midelt and Er-Rich districts.</p><br>
<h3>Human geography</h3><br>
<p>Formerly forested, the landscape has been much affected by overgrazing. It is now dominated by sparse brush, loose stony soil, and sharply defined wadis and ravines. Nomadic Berbers have inhabited the mountains for many years, raising sheep and goats and remaining largely isolated from the sedentary farmers and market towns of the plains. The nomads often come into conflict with government foresters over the use of natural resources, especially trees.</p><br>
<p>The heart of the nomadic community in Ayachi is the village of Tarhirat, which has no permanent dwellings but is centrally located and well-watered.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>Milne Land or Milneland is a large island in eastern Greenland. It is the third largest island of Greenland, after the main island of Greenland and Disko Island. It is named after British admiral David Milne.</p><br>
<p>This island is popular with climbers.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The island is 113 km long from Moraene Point in the southwest to Bregne Point in the northeast, and up to 45 km, and 3,913 km&sup2; in area. It is part of an archipelago, which includes Storo and Sorte Island in the Northwest, Denmark Island in the south, and the Bjorne Islands in the northeast. Cape Leslie is Milneland&#39;s southeastern headland.</p><br>
<p>Milne Land is separated from the Renland peninsula in the north by the 6 to 10 km wide Ofjord, from the Gaaseland peninsula in the south by the 4 to 6 km wide Fonfjord, and from the mainland coast in the west by the 4 to 14 km wide Rode Fjord.</p><br>
<p>Jameson Land, the large peninsula in the east with the settlement of Ittoqqortoormiit on its southern coast, is located more than 40 km away across the Scoresby Sound.</p><br>
<p>Little Island is an island on the eastern outskirts of Waterford City in Ireland. Islands are rare within the city and county of Waterford, although it is encircled by the River Suir and Kings Channel rather than the Atlantic Ocean. It is 420 acres in extent.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>(Source:)</p><br>
<p>According to tradition a Monastic settlement existed on the island sometime between the sixth and eighth centuries, and two "finds" on the land have lent substance to this: A Winged Angel dating from the 8th century and the crude carving of a Monks head, dating from the 6th century. (The latter is now prominently displayed over the main entrance to the current castle.) During the Viking era, between the 9th and 11th centuries, the island was referred to as Danes Island or Island Vra large number of Waterford yk. The Vikings built two fortifications guarding the river at the north and the south.</p><br>
<p>The first family to live on the Island were the FitzGerald Family, who were cousins to Strongbow. They were awarded the land for their part in the Norman invasion of 1170. During the 15th and 16th centuries the FitzGeralds were Kings of Ireland in all but name and hosted many feasts and banquets on the island. Later the family took the name Purcell-Fitzgerald through marriage (see the two family emblems in the dining room).</p><br>
<p>The first structure to be built on the island was a Norman keep. By the 15th century, the ruins of the keep were no longer habitable. A tower, the centre part of the present Castle, was then constructed on the site of the old keep. Initially it was relatively modest in size but over the years was enlarged, firstly in 1849 by John Fitzgerald and subsequently in 1875 and 1895 when the east and west wings were added. Built entirely out of stone, these additions are now indistinguishable from the older structure. The whole bears a strong resemblance to the Purcell castle at Loughmoe near Thurles. At that time, the island was also equipped with the latest in machine shop technology including lathes, grinding equipment, a 3ton overhead gantry, and so forth in the farm yard, This included a 110v dc generator which was used to power the castle, the workshop, and the water pump (site of old windmill). Developments included a large arrangement of loose boxes and a dairy, forming the boundary to a large farm yard complete with a large two-story steward&#39;s house. These are still extant (summer 2014).</p><br>
<p>The island and the castle having remained in the FitzGerald name for almost eight centuries, were sold 1966 to the Igoe family (Aberfoyle Plantations). They bought the property and installed a 5 acre complex of glass houses from which they produced flowers for export. These included the very latest thinking in glasshouse technology at the time. They completely refurbished the castle and the cottages on the island - for example "Seaford" is located beside the jetty and the ferry-man lived there. In 1966, they employed a large number of Waterford people during construction and in operating the farm. The Igoes can be credited with saving the castle and bringing the Island up to date.</p><br>
<p>Prior to the Igoe era, in 1956 John and Betty Williams came from Lough Ree near Athlone and took on the island from Princess Maria D&#39;Ardia Caracciola on a lease arrangement. They ran a herd of 40 cows, shipping the milk across the river by prong every day to Gaultier Creamery, a very progressive coop at that time. They grew barley and wheat, which they brought by barge (M71) to the Mill in Waterford in the late winter time. Later on they grew potatoes and sold them in their shop "The Gourmet" which they started in Lombard street (1963-6) (extant summer 2014). All machinery was carried across the river in a "cattle boat", the remains of which can be seen lying on the mud just down-river from the landing place. In this time, they received great help from the Grant and Carslake families who lived and worked on the farm. Life on the island for all was tempered by having to face the river to get to school and bring back groceries and such like!</p><br>
<p>From 1973 to 1974, the island served as one of the shooting locations for Stanley Kubricks film Barry Lyndon. Much of this was shot in Ballinakill House, the home of Patsy Gossip and family. Ballinakill is also very significant in the Islands history.</p><br>
<p>Michael Farren from Dublin, a horticultural engineer, renovated and developed the Island from 1974 to 1982.</p><br>
<p>In 1982, the island was rented to a local pedigree dairy farmer, who later bought it.</p><br>
<p>The castle became a luxury hotel in 1988 and the island became its grounds. Much of the land has since been converted into a golf course.</p><br>
<h2>The Igoe's</h2><br>
<p>The head of the family, Bill Igoe, was from Nenagh, while his forebears came from near Bonniconlon in County Mayo. He did however have investments in Rhodesia. He bought Little Island because of its horticultural potential, the Suir estuary having a micro climate with similar attributes to those of the Channel Islands. Access was by way of a "prong" or heavy rowing boat. with a very old barge powered by an ancient two stroke motor for moving crops and produce upstream to Waterford City. As time passed this was replaced first by a World War II DUKW (an amphibious two ton truck), then by another World War II vessel, a Landing Craft which could and did transport vehicles as large as oil tankers; and eventually by a purpose built chain ferry constructed by Verolme shipyards in Cork. Horticulture consisted of 5 acre of modern glasshouses growing flowers for the export market, and outdoor crops such as salads, daffodils, raspberries and asparagus. During this period from 1965, some 30 people were employed on Little Island</p><br>
<h2>Today</h2><br>
<p>Today the island, castle and grounds, continue to comprise a (19 bedroom) luxury hotel and golf course, Waterford Castle. The island is linked to the mainland by a private ferry which operates across Kings Channel between Ballinakill and the island&#39;s west side.</p><br>
<p>The island is considered a significant site for bird watching. The main species are the Grey Heron (breeding), Little Egret, Wigeon, Greenshank, Common Sandpiper and commoner waders, Kingfisher and Jay.</p><br>
<p>In the 1950s/1960s the sloblands were home to large flocks of wild geese.</p><br>
<p>Oroluk Atoll is an atoll belonging to Pohnpei State in the Micronesia.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Oroluk Atoll stretches from the northwest to the southeast with a length of about 32 km and an average width of 20 km. The lagoon&#39;s surface is roughly 420 km².</p><br>
<p>The more than 25 sandy islets and banks, predominantly on the eastern rim of the atoll, have been washed away by cyclones through the years. Only one island remains, Oroluk Island in the very northwest corner of the atoll. Oroluk Atoll is believed to have been first discovered and named by navigators from Namoluk Island in the Mortlock Islands.</p><br>
<p>The inhabitants of Oroluk are only between five and ten in number. They come mainly from Sector 4 of the Kapinga Village in Kolonia, Pohnpei, and tend to the plantations of bananas and taro. A supply ship generally calls into the lagoon once every 6 months. The island can be contacted by SSB on the frequency 7876.5 daily at 0600Z for a period of 15 minutes</p><br>
<h2>Municipality</h2><br>
<p>Oroluk municipality, which includes Oroluk Atoll and Minto Reef is one of the twelve municipalities of Pohnpei State.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Oroluk atoll It was discovered by Spanish navigator Alonso de Arellano in 1565 on board of the patache San Lucas, who charted it as Mira Cómo Vas (Look how you&#39;re going in Spanish). It was also later visited by the Spanish naval officer Felipe Tompson on 7 April 1773, who charted it as the Bajo Triste (the Sad Shoal in Spanish) due to its "horrible aspect" in his own words. Oroluk Island was charted by Tompson as San Agustín.</p><br>
<p>The Hammond–Harwood House is a historic house museum at 19 Maryland Avenue in Annapolis, Maryland, USA. Built in 1774, is one of the premier colonial houses remaining in America from the British colonial period . It is the only existing work of colonial academic architecture that was principally designed from a plate in Andrea Palladio’s I Quattro Libri dell’Architettura  . The house was designed by the architect William Buckland in 1773–74 for wealthy farmer Matthias Hammond of Anne Arundel County, Maryland. It was modeled on the design of the Villa Pisani in Montagnana, Italy, in Book II, Chapter XIV of I Quattro Libri dell’Achitettura. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1960, and is now managed by a non-profit organization as a museum.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Construction on the house began in, or around, April 1774 and a majority of the house was probably completed before the death of the architect in November or December of the same year. Patron Matthias Hammond probably never occupied his elegant house because he abruptly left Annapolis for his family&#39;s country estate in 1776. He died in 1786 after renting the house for many years.</p><br>
<p>The house passed to his nephews John and then Philip Hammond who eventually sold the house to Ninian Pinkney in 1810. Pinkney, however quickly sold the house to Judge Jeremiah Townley Chase in 1811. Judge Chase bought the house as a home for the family of his daughter Frances Townley Chase Loockerman. He was well acquainted with the house because he rented the northeast wing beginning in the late 1770s.</p><br>
<p>Judge Chase’s descendants lived in the house until the death of his great-granddaughter Hester Ann Harwood in 1924. Judge Chase’s granddaughter married William Harwood, the great-grandson of William Buckland, the architect of the house.</p><br>
<p>Hester Ann Harwood died intestate and the house was sold in 1926 to St. John’s College. The College used the house as a teaching tool for one of America’s first courses taught on the decorative arts until financial necessity forced the college to sell to the Hammond–Harwood House Association in 1940. This non-profit corporation continues to own the house and uses it as a museum that is open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house ranks architecturally with many of the great mansions built in the late Colonial period; however, it is the only house directly inspired from a plate in Palladio’s, I Quattro Libri dell’Architettura. It is arguably the most exquisite house remaining from the Colonial period in America.</p><br>
<p>Architect William Buckland adapted Palladios Villa Pisani design to satisfy the tastes of colonial Annapolis. He re-designed the plan to accommodate the tastes for asymmetrical regional preferences and modified the hyphens from Palladios arched entries to more practical single storey connecting links. He also incorporated fashionable urban design by sinking the windows in the method mandated by the London Building Act of 1774. This device provided better protection from fire and gave the overall design a greater degree of visual solidity and three dimensionality (see image at right). This adaptation from Palladios model marks his maturity as an architect and ranks him as one of Americas first and finest architects.</p><br>
<p>The initial design of Thomas Jefferson’s Monticello was taken from the Villa Cornaro in Piombino Dese, Italy, in Book II, Chapter XV of I Quattro Libri dell’Architettura, but this façade was later covered up by Jefferson’s own expansions to his house. Thomas Jefferson made two drawings of the Hammond–Harwood House when he served the government in Annapolis in 1783–4. One could assume that Jefferson recognized the house as derived from Palladio because his knowledge of The Four Books of Architecture was extensive. He referred to the book as his architectural “bible” and the plate of the Villa Cornaro follows the Villa Pisani plate; and directly opposite the Villa Cornaro in some 18th-century English transcriptions of the work.</p><br>
<h3>Description</h3><br>
<p>The Hammond–Harwood House is a five-part brick house with a five-bay two-story central block, two-story end wings and one-story connecting hyphens on either side. The central block has a shallow hipped roof. The wings project toward the street with three-sided hipped-roof bays. The hyphens are rendered as a blind arcade, with the central bay a door opening with a pediment above. There is little decoration, with plain rubbed brick flat arches over the windows. Ornament is confined to the central bay, whose door is framed by engaged Ionic columns and topped by a fanlight. Above the door the second floor window is framed with a surround and entablature.</p><br>
<p>The interior presents the appearance of symmetry where it is in fact not symmetrical, using false doors where necessary to maintain the illusion. The main rooms are the first-floor dining room and the second-floor ballroom immediately above, at the rear of the house overlooking the garden. The dining room features an opening, centered in the facade, that is treated as a door on the outside and as a window on the inside.</p><br>
<p>The Hammond–Harwood House was featured in Bob Vila&#39;s A&E Network production, Guide to Historic Homes of America, in the two-hour segment on the Mid-Atlantic States.</p><br>
<p>The Mount Elizabeth Archeological Site, also known as Raceys Tuckahoe, St. Josephs Novitiate or the Mount Elizabeth Indian Mound is a prehistoric midden and an archaeological site in Jensen Beach, Florida. It is located in Martin Countys Indian RiverSide Park, which includes the former Florida Institute of Technology  east of Indian River Drive on the Indian River Lagoon. On September 14, 2002, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>National Register listing</h2><br>
<p>Mount Elizabeth Archeological Site</p><br>
<p>(added 2002 - Site - #02001011)</p><br>
<p>Also known as Races (Raceys) Tuckahoe; St. Josephs Novitiate</p><br>
<p>1707 NE Indian River Dr., Jensen Beach</p><br>
<p>Historic Significance: Information Potential</p><br>
<p>Area of Significance: Prehistoric</p><br>
<p>Cultural Affiliation: Late Archaic, Orange III Period, East Okeechobee Cultural Area</p><br>
<p>Period of Significance: 2000-2499 BC, 1500-1999 BC, 1000-1499 BC, 500-999 BC, 499-0 BC, 499-0 AD, 1000-500 AD</p><br>
<p>Owner: Local Gov&#39;t</p><br>
<p>Historic Function: Domestic, Religion</p><br>
<p>Historic Sub-function: Religious Structure, Village Site</p><br>
<p>Current Function: Landscape</p><br>
<p>Current Sub-function: Park</p><br>
<p>The Mala Compra Plantation Archeological Site is an archaeological site in Palm Coast, Florida, on the east bank of the Matanzas River. It is located west of the intersection of State Road A1A and Mala Compra Drive at Bings Landing County Park in Flagler County. On March 5, 2004, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Mala Compra (Spanish for "bad bargain" or "bad purchase") was formerly part of one of northeastern Florida&#39;s largest plantation systems (totaling 2,265 acres). Situated on the coast, it belonged to Joseph Marion Hernández (1788–1857), and was worked primarily as a cotton plantation from 1816 through 1836, when the Seminoles burned it down near the beginning of the Second Seminole War.</p><br>
<p>Preliminary archaeological investigations were conducted at the Mala Compra site in 1999. The study identified the house where Hernández and his family resided when they were not at their home in St. Augustine, and the detached kitchen was also found. The land for the plantation was purchased by Hernández in 1816; cotton and corn were grown there until the settlement was destroyed by marauding Indians.</p><br>
<p>The main dwelling-house was described in historical accounts as a 1 1/2-story framed structure with a masonry foundation. Investigations revealed that the building had a coquina block foundation in the eastern part while masonry footers supported the western section. It was almost twice the size of the dimensions cited in the historical descriptions. Wooden floors had been described as well, and traces of them were found, but tabby concrete surfaces were also identified.</p><br>
<p>An account of the state of the plantation in 1836 given by Joseph S. Sanchez to the County Court of St. Johns County in 1837 says that his militia troops found a number of oxen, cattle, and horses; garden enclosures and cattle pens; and "an extensive and thriving sweet orange grove, said to contain 1,500 trees, and a variety of other fruit trees...".</p><br>
<p>Over 14,000 artifacts were recovered by archaeologists and their assistants, including fragments of ceramics and wine bottles, kitchen utensils, kaolin pipes, hinges, nails, and gun parts. The main house and kitchen have been interpreted to provide an interactive historical exhibit for public education and recreation, and plans developed for additional research and preservation of the valuable cultural resources.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1816, the Spanish government granted Hernández a large tract of land at the confluence of Grahams Swamp and what was then the headwaters of the southern end of the Matanzas River, on its western bank. There he cultivated about 700 acres of sugarcane, calling the place St. Joseph plantation. According to a deed dated March 11, 1816, for 1,500 pesos in cash Father Miguel Crosby sold Hernández 800 acres on the coastal barrier island, described as "800 acres with its adjoining marshes on the Matanzas River, bounded on the north by lands of John Bautista Ferreyra". The name "Mala Compra" had been given previously to the property by another owner. In 1818, Hernández bought from Ferreyras son, Francis Ferreira (spelling of these names varied, often in the same document), another property of 375 acres adjoining Mala Compra called Bella Vista. Ferreira was a sea captain who participated in the Florida slave trade. The soil of the cotton fields at Mala Compra was said to have been as white and sandy after some years as the Atlantic beach, yet still produced abundant crops of Sea Island cotton. This was high hammock land where the original growth was almost exclusively Southern live oak.</p><br>
<p>Hernández country residence was the plantation house at Mala Compra, in which the horses trod a path twenty-four feet in circumference. There were other buildings including a corn crib, a drivers house, and a privy, as well as slave cabins.</p><br>
<p>Hernández was Florida’s first delegate to the USA Congress in 1822 and 1823 and the first Hispanic to serve in the United States Congress. He was a brigadier general commanding troops of the Florida Militia during the Second Seminole War, who while negotiating with Seminole leader Osceola under a white flag of truce in October 1837, took him captive by order of General Jesup.</p><br>
<p>It was from Mala Compra that Hernandez wrote a letter to Dr. William H. Simmons, dated April 15, 1830, on the cultivation of Cuban tobacco. Simmons and John Lee Williams of Pensacola were commissioned by the second Territorial Council of Florida to select a central point between St. Augustine and Pensacola to serve as capital of the territory in 1823. In 1831, John James Audubon spent ten days as a guest of Hernández at Mala Compra. There he shot dozens of American coots, one of which was a male from which he drew the figure for the plate which appeared in his The Birds of America.</p><br>
<p>In 1832 the Legislative Council of the Territory of Florida incorporated a company to dig a canal from the head of Matanzas Lagoon to Smiths Creek, a tributary of the Halifax River. With this act a memorial was presented to Congress seeking financial assistance and land grants; subsequently five sections were appropriated for the proposed canal. The company intended to commence the canal at Mala Compra plantation and dig it southward a distance of about 11 or 12 miles through a rich wet savanna, parallel with the coast, to Smiths Creek, about four miles north of John Bulow&#39;s plantation.</p><br>
<p>In the early stages of the Second Seminole War, during the winter of 1835 and 1836, and in the spring of the latter year, both Mala Compra until the Indians, taking advantage of a temporary evacuation, burned all the buildings of any consequence or value on the sugarcane plantation. At Mala Compra, they burned the cotton warehouse that had been prepared and used as a defensive fortification. Much valuable property was destroyed in these buildings.</p><br>
<p>The plantations had been stored with large quantities of corn, hay, sugarcane, etc. belonging to General Hernández; they were also well-stocked with cattle. All such provisions were seized by the US troops and consumed by them during the military occupation. The destructive license they exercised and the depredations of the Indians laid waste to the formerly well-ordered plantations, and the eighty slaves that cultivated them were driven off or captured by the Seminoles.</p><br>
<p>Mt Bagana is an active volcano located in the centre of the island of Bougainville, Papua New Guinea, the largest island of the Solomon group. It is the most active volcano in the country, occupying a remote portion of central Bougainville Island.</p><br>
<p>One of Melanesia&#39;s youngest and most active volcanoes.</p><br>
<p>Bagana is a massive symmetrical, roughly 1750-m-high lava cone largely constructed by an accumulation of viscous andesitic lava flows. The entire lava cone could have been constructed in about 300 years at its present rate of lava production. Eruptive activity at Bagana is frequent and is characterized by non-explosive effusion of viscous lava that maintains a small lava dome in the summit crater, although explosive activity occasionally producing pyroclastic flows also occurs. Lava flows form dramatic, freshly preserved tongue-shaped lobes up to 50-m-thick with prominent levees that descend the volcano&#39;s flanks on all sides.</p><br>
<p>Just north-east of Bagana is the volcano crater lake Billy Mitchell. Bagana is one of 17 post-Miocene strato volcanos on Bougainville. USA General Floyd L. Parks flew over the Solomon Islands on 27 October 1948 and witnessed the eruption of Bagana. His photographs of Bagana erupting were published in Life magazine.</p><br>
